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To know why the right level of hormones is an important syntax in making a diagnosis of a healthy thyroid or its disease, it is worth finding out what they actually are and how they affect the body. If you want to know more read this article.
The thyroid gland – its hormones and the relationship with the hypothalamus
As you probably already know, the thyroid gland is a gland responsible for the proper functioning of many systems in our body. She herself is subject to strict control of the hypothalamus, which, through the secretion of the thyroid stimulating hormone – TSH, supervises its proper functioning. TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce two key hormones for health – triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
The gland secretes T4 in the amount of about 60%, and T3 in the amount of about 20%. Before the hormones are released into the bloodstream, they are stored in the thyroid gland, in a special intravesical gel in the form of thyroglobulin. After being released into the bloodstream by a proteolytic enzyme, they bind to plasma proteins and, as biologically active hormones, travel towards target organs.
Find out more: It is he who controls the work of the thyroid gland. What should you know about TSH?
Thyroid hormones – T3 and T4
Triiodothyronine (T3) is the primary thyroid hormone that acts on target tissues. By acting on specific receptors, it causes most of the biological effects.
In turn, thyroxine (T4) is a kind of prohormone for the synthesis of triiodothyronine. After the separation of 1 iodine atom from T4 (i.e. de-iodination), most of the T3 in our system is formed. Almost 80 percent is deiodinated. T4 in the body, of which 35 percent. is converted to T3, and 45 percent. to the biologically inactive form of rT3 (reverse triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine).
The action of thyroid hormones
The main task of thyroid hormones is to stimulate our body – they are responsible for the amount of our basic metabolism and can increase it by an average of 30%. Thus, through their close relationship with metabolism, thyroid hormones influence the total number of calories that we can provide from food so as not to change our body weight. Adequate thyroid hormone levels are especially important for pregnant women, infants and young children. But it is not everything.
Thyroid hormones have a very wide spectrum of activity on our body. They also affect the cardiovascular system, the endocrine system, the action and metabolism of hormones, and the lipid profile. What’s more, they affect our locomotor system and the functioning of the digestive tract. In summary, thyroid hormones are extremely important for the proper functioning of the entire body. Let’s take care of them together in Hashion.
- Hormones under control, i.e. the hormonal profile for women
The last, equally important role of thyroid hormones
Finally, one more, very important role played by thyroid hormones should be emphasized. They stimulate the peristaltic movements of the intestines, the direct consequence of which is acceleration of passage, and thus frequent and regular bowel movements. They also have an impact on the metabolic profile of the organism, as they enhance the breakdown of liver glycogen, induce intracorporeal glucose synthesis, and increase intestinal absorption of micro- and macronutrients.
When it comes to the fat profile, both T3 and T4 affect the biodegradation and synthesis of cholesterol and reduce the concentration of “bad” LDL cholesterol by increasing the receptors dedicated to it on the liver surface [105]. They also influence the intensification of the lipolysis process, i.e. fat breakdown. It follows that any disturbance of the secretory function of the thyroid gland will result in a number of symptoms, mainly of a metabolic basis, which will affect the negative functioning of the whole organism. Hence, it is so important to learn about diseases related to this organ, as well as to quickly diagnose and treat them.
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