The fight-or-flight response is a psychological state that is activated when people are confronted with something threatening (mentally or physically). We understand how it is activated and what the body needs
Release of hormones
The term “hit and run” was first described by the American psychologist Walter Cannon in the 1920s. He recorded that a series of reactions that occur quickly inside the body help it mobilize for the best interaction with the threat. Later, researchers developed his ideas. Scientists now know that during sudden stress, the following processes occur in the body:
- the brain sends a signal to the symptomatic nervous system,
- the nervous system sends a signal to the adrenal glands,
- The adrenal glands release the hormones adrenaline and norepinephrine into the body.
- they give you the opportunity to take a sharp action and dodge a danger (for example, from a bicycle rushing at you).
What happens to the body
A chain reaction starts a number of physiological processes in the body. Here are the main signs:
- Dilated pupils. In case of danger, the body tries to become as aware as possible of what is happening around, for which the pupils increase.
- Pale skin on the body and a flush on the face. The blood flow to the skin is reduced in order to increase the saturation of the muscles, legs, arms and brain. Due to the rush of blood to the head, the face turns red.
- Increased respiration and pulse. Due to these reactions, the body is saturated with energy and oxygen, which are necessary for a sharp response to stress.
- Shiver. Muscles tense and prepare for action.
After the threat has been eliminated, symptoms may persist for 20 to 60 minutes. “Fight or flight” can be launched both in case of a real threat (for example, an angry dog running at you), and in case of psychological stress (say, if necessary, make a speech to a full house).
Permanent activation
The fight-or-flight response plays a significant role in dealing with danger, as it helps to deal with it more effectively by mobilizing resources. For example, if you are crossing the road and a car is rushing towards you, you will have time to jump away.
However, sometimes the fight-or-flight response is activated not because of a physical threat, but because of psychological factors. For example, in people with arachnophobia, it may occur at the sight of spiders, which do not pose a real danger. In case of severe fear, the reaction can develop into a panic attack. In this case, it is best to work it out with a psychologist.
Stress reduction
If the job involves daily stress or the person regularly experiences it in other areas of life (for example, due to family problems), they may suffer from an excess of adrenaline produced due to the “fight or flight” response. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to try to reduce the number of everyday irritants as much as possible. In addition, you can deal with negative experiences through the following practices:
- regular exercise (even 20-30 minutes of walking daily will do),
- deep breathing,
- muscle relaxation,
- healthy food,
- reducing alcohol and caffeine intake.