Aristotle is considered the founder of logic. Starting from the 2nd half of the 5th c. BC. logic (dialectic) was taught in Greece by the sophists. The main content of ancient and medieval logic was the theory of deduction. At the same time, 16-17 centuries. F. Bacon created the theory of induction. The concept of “logic” came to Russia along with Byzantine scholarship. Among the «liberal arts» logic was taught in Greek and Latin at the Kiev-Mohyla and Slavic-Greek-Latin academies. The author of the first well-known textbook of logic in Russia is Sofroniy Likhud. In the 17-18 centuries. logic was taught mainly as part of rhetoric or philosophy. With the advent of gymnasiums and the development of university education, logic entered the programs as an independent discipline. By the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th centuries. logic was taught in secondary secular and spiritual educational institutions, in all humanitarian faculties of universities. After 1917 the teaching of logic began to gradually curtail; resumed again in 1946. At the end of the 80-90s. In the Russian Federation, due to the orientation of some types of educational institutions to classical education (gymnasiums, lyceums), logic is again included in the circle of general education disciplines.
2022-05-30