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While scientists around the world are breaking their spears about what awaits us in the future: global warming to unimaginable temperatures or no less global glaciation due to the Gulf Stream that has changed its course due to the melting ice, the flora and fauna of the Earth are forced to adapt to the annual “abnormally hot” summer weather. People are no exception. But while city dwellers can lock themselves into air-conditioned offices and apartments, gardeners have to not only work under the scorching sun in their garden beds, but also select varieties of vegetables that can withstand such temperatures.
Most varieties of tomatoes, including foreign high-yielding hybrids, are not able to withstand high air temperatures. They usually grow at lower temperatures with little daily fluctuation.
Previously, heat-resistant tomato varieties were of interest only to summer residents of the southern regions, where the air temperature could sometimes exceed 35 ° C, and even higher in the sun. Today, even the inhabitants of the Middle Strip are forced to plant the same varieties.
But at this temperature, varieties and hybrids from Gavrish show a good formation of ovaries.
In the case of a very dry and hot summer, when drought and stuffiness are added to the hot air, the tomatoes fall ill with blossom end rot, the leaves curl and fall off. If the difference between night and day temperatures is too large, the fruits crack near the stalk. Such tomatoes rot on the vine. Even if they have time to ripen, they are no longer suitable for conservation and storage. Hybrids from the firms Gavrish, SeDeK, Ilyinichna, Aelita are able to withstand such conditions and produce a crop. Heat over 34 degrees for a long time leads to burns of fruits and leaves, as well as surface roots in tomato bushes.
Tomato varieties specially bred for the southern regions are capable of resisting this problem. For example, “Gazpacho” from the company Gavrish.
You should immediately decide on the terminology. “Drought-resistant”, “heat-resistant” and “heat-resistant” are not synonymous in relation to plants. Drought resistance does not necessarily imply heat resistance. In the absence of rain, the air temperature may well be quite low and not exceed 25-30°C. And a heat-resistant plant that can easily tolerate heat below 40 ° can be very sensitive to the absence of water in the soil. The concept of “heat resistance” has nothing to do with living organisms. It is used to determine the ability of the materials from which the structures are made to work at elevated temperatures without noticeable deformation. Heat-resistant steel can be, but not living wood.
Heat-resistant domestic varieties of tomatoes
Indeterminant tomatoes
Variety “Babylon F1”
New mid-season heat-resistant hybrid. The bush is tall with dark green foliage of medium size. Up to 6 ovaries are formed on the brush.
Tomatoes are red, round, weighing up to 180g. They have a dark green spot near the stalk in an unripe state.
The variety is resistant to nematode and pathogenic microflora. Fruits differ in good transportability.
Variety “Alcasar F1”
One of the best hybrids from Gavrish. The variety is indeterminate with a powerful root system, due to which the top of the stem does not become thinner when loaded with tomatoes. Well proved at cultivation in hothouse conditions. The main method of cultivation is hydroponic, but the variety also bears fruit well when grown in the ground.
The variety is medium early, the growing season is 115 days. The bush belongs to the “vegetative” type with large dark green foliage. The stem grows actively throughout the growing season. The variety tolerates summer heat well. Stably forms ovaries both in winter with a lack of lighting and in hot summers.
Tomatoes are round, leveled in size, weight up to 150 g.
Genetically resistant to tomato cracking and blossom end rot. Resistant to pathogenic microflora.
Variety “Chelbas F1”
One of the best varieties from the company “Gavrish”. Medium-early tomato with a growing season of 115 days. The bush is indeterminate, strongly leafy. Recommended for growing in greenhouses in the summer-autumn period and for growing in the winter-spring.
Up to 7 tomatoes weighing up to 130 g are usually tied in a brush. The fruits can be stored for up to 40 days, withstanding long-distance transportation.
It forms ovaries well in any conditions, resistance to heat allows this variety to be grown not only in the south of Our Country, but also in hotter regions up to Egypt and Iran.
In addition to resistance to pathogenic microflora, the variety is immune to yellow leaf curl. It grows well on soil infected with gall nematodes. All this allows you to get good yields of this hybrid in almost any conditions.
Variety “Fantomas F1”
An indeterminate mid-leaved variety recommended for growing in the Middle lane in greenhouses. The branching of the bush is medium. Leaves are medium in size. The height of the bush and the size of the tomatoes are also average. It would be a stable middle peasant if it were not for the yield (up to 38 kg / m²) and the yield of marketable products, which is 97%.
Tomato weighing about 114 g. Maximum size 150 g. Spherical, smooth.
The variety is resistant to fungal diseases.
Not all gardeners can put a high greenhouse on their site for growing indeterminate varieties of tomatoes. In low greenhouses, such varieties, growing under the ceiling, cease to grow and bear fruit. This problem can be avoided by lowering the stem of an indeterminate tomato.
Determinantant tomatoes
Variety «Ramses F1»
It is intended for cultivation under a film in personal subsidiary plots. Producer: agricultural firm “Ilyinichna”. Bush determinant with a vegetation period of 110 days.
Tomatoes are round, slightly pointed at the bottom. Firm, red when mature. The weight of one tomato is 140 g. The ovaries are collected in brushes, of which there are up to 4 pcs on each bush. Productivity up to 13 kg per square meter.
Resistant to pathogenic microorganisms.
Variety “Portland F1”
Mid-early hybrid from “Gavrish”, bred in 1995. The bush is determinant, up to one and a half meters high. Vegetation period 110 days. Differs in high productivity and amicable ripening of tomatoes. Up to 5 kg are harvested from one bush at a planting density of 3 bushes per meter.
The fruits are round, smooth, weighing up to 110 g. Recommended for whole-fruit preservation and salads.
The variety is distinguished by the ability to form good ovaries with sudden changes in air temperature and high humidity. Stepchildren are removed, forming a bush in one stem. Resistant to pathogenic microflora.
Variety “Verlioka plus F1”
High-yielding early hybrid with friendly ripening of fruits. The determinate bush can grow up to 180 cm, requiring tying if it grows too high. Form a bush in one stem. On the brushes of inflorescences, up to 10 ovaries are formed.
Tomatoes weighing up to 130 g, round. The purpose of the variety is universal. Thin, but dense skin protects tomatoes from cracking.
The variety is resistant to short-term drought and sudden changes in daily temperatures. Resistant to most common nightshade diseases.
Disinfection is not required, but it is recommended to treat the seeds with a growth stimulator 12 hours before sowing.
Gazpacho variety
Mid-late productive variety from the Gavrish company, intended for open beds. It takes 4 months for tomatoes to ripen. The bush is determinant, medium-sized, up to 40 cm high. The yield is up to 5 kg per unit area.
Tomatoes are elongated, of a uniform red color when ripe, weighing up to 80 g. The fruits do not crumble when ripe, holding firmly on the brush.
General purpose variety. Resistant not only to heat, but also to major fungal diseases and nematodes.
Since the main purpose of the variety is cultivation in the open field, under these conditions, the bush stepsons moderately. When growing in a greenhouse, the growth point is transferred to a side shoot that has grown under the last brush, forming a bush into one stem. The variety is planted according to the scheme 0,4×0,6 m.
The variety needs regular watering and plenty of sunlight, as well as mineral fertilizers.
Types of heat resistant tomatoes
Tomatoes are divided into two types according to their ability to withstand heat: vegetative and generative.
Vegetative bushes are strongly leafy, have numerous stepchildren. Normally, such bushes are planted no more than 3 per square meter, be sure to remove stepchildren. With the growth of stepchildren by more than 10 cm, no more than 60% of the fruits from the norm will be tied on the brushes of tomatoes of this type. But it is these varieties that are able to provide the gardener with a crop in hot weather and low humidity levels. Even with leaf curl and scorch, the leaf area is sufficient to protect most of the tomatoes from the sun.
The generative type of tomatoes has small foliage and few stepchildren. Such varieties are good for the northern regions, where their fruits can get enough sun to ripen. But the abnormally hot summer of the past few years has played a cruel joke on them. Fruits not protected by “burnt” leaves do not ripen, although initially the ovaries promise a good harvest. The non-ripening of fruits is due to the small amount of the antioxidant lycopene in them, which is synthesized in the temperature range from 14 to 30°C. Without it, the tomatoes do not turn red, remaining a pale orange at best. Also, under such weather conditions, tomatoes fall ill with blossom end rot. It is necessary to plant generative-type tomatoes at least 4 per sq.m, trying to keep as much foliage on them as possible. Sometimes even by leaving a couple of leaves on pinched stepchildren.
But in case of a mistake, you can try to save the crop. At night temperatures not lower than 18 °, tomatoes are watered in the evening. Tomato bushes are shaded with non-woven material. If possible, a two-color film is placed on the beds with the white side up to retain moisture in the soil and reduce soil temperature.
When growing indeterminate tomatoes in a greenhouse, you will need to open the greenhouse as much as possible. If it is possible to remove the side walls, then they must be removed. The vents also need to be opened and hung with non-woven material.
When choosing heat-resistant tomatoes, you can focus, if possible, on the appearance of the bush (does the foliage protect the fruits) and the annotation of the manufacturer. Unfortunately, not all firms consider it necessary to indicate on the packaging such an advantage of the variety as heat resistance. In this case, only experimental elucidation of the qualities of tomatoes is possible.