🙂 Greetings, dear readers! In the article “Guy Julius Caesar: biography, interesting facts” – about the life of the ancient Roman commander, statesman and politician and the great pontiff.
Guy Julius Caesar is one of the most famous rulers in world history. He was a successful commander, a clever and resourceful politician, a favorite of the people, which allowed this man to make his power absolute.
Biography of Julius Caesar
Guy Julius Caesar was born in July 100 BC. NS. in the family of a wealthy prosperous patrician. The future ruler found the dictatorship of Sulla. The young commander did not share the views of the ruling dictator, and therefore went to Asia Minor with the army. He visited Killikia and Bithynia, captured Mytilene.
Some time after the death of Sulla, he returned, and took an active part in some high-profile trials. He proved himself to be a good orator, as he constantly practiced in mastering the art of oratory.
For this purpose, Julius Caesar even moved for some time to about. Rhodes, where he took lessons from the famous rhetorician Apollonius Molina. Upon completion of the training process, he was going to return to the capital, but on the way, pirates attacked him and took him prisoner. The pirates demanded a large ransom for their freedom.
Caesar writes home a message about his ransom. He’s free! Subsequently, with the help of a group of soldiers, he hijacked pirate ships and sentenced the pirates to execution.
Gnei Pompey
Julius married Pompey, a relative of his good friend, Gnaeus Pompey. In 66 he became an aedile. He worked to improve life in the city, organized lavish celebrations and free distribution of bread. This strengthened the authority of the young politician.
Caesar won the senatorial office, supporting Pompey during the latter’s war in the east. In 60, in Rome, the first secret military-political alliance, called the triumvirate, was created in the history of the world.
Thanks to such support, Julius Caesar became consul the next year along with another co-ruler, Bibulus. Becoming the proconsul of Gaul, an ambitious commander during the hostilities, seized new territories. He proved himself to be a first-class strategist and diplomat.
The Germans were defeated, the Romans even made a retaliatory campaign across the Rhine. There were successful wars for the Roman legionaries with the Britons. At this time, his allies came to the proconsul and concluded a new political and economic pact on mutual support of each other.
During the absence of Caesar in Gaul, the local tribes again raised an armed uprising. This forced the proconsul to return urgently. The Gauls were brought into submission, but at this time some difficulties arose in Rome.
After Crassus’s death, the triumvirate disintegrates. As a result, Caesar and Pompey became rivals for power. Pompey stood for a Senate republic, while Caesar insisted on a more dictatorial way of running the state. And, fearing the growing popularity of the proconsul, the senate refused to extend his powers on the Gallic lands.
By that time, the commander had gained extraordinary power and popularity among the masses and the army. This prompted the proconsul to open revolt. In the winter of 49, he speaks to the Thirteenth Legion and crosses the small river Rubicon. This was a kind of daring challenge to the Roman authorities.
Most of the Roman senators, Pompeii and the consuls fled. The rest were offered cooperation. The new dictator defeated the enemy at Thessaly the following year, avenging his defeat at Epirus. Pompey fled to Egypt, but there he was executed by order of Ptolemy XII.
Caesar’s assassination
Upon learning of this, Julius Caesar also arrived in Egypt, provided effective assistance to the co-ruler Cleopatra. Taking advantage of his absence, the companions of the deceased Pompey, the commanders Cato and Metellus Scipio again began to collect an army.
Meanwhile, the dictator with a victory returns from the Syrian and Killikian possessions, along the way, completely defeating the Pompeian troops in the battle of Thapsa. Returning to the capital, the winner was greeted as a triumphant. In honor of the victory, many distinguished soldiers were generously awarded.
Caesar received such magnificent titles as “emperor” and “father of the nation.” His dictatorial powers continued for another ten years. After a resounding victory at Munda, statues of the newly-made emperor began to be erected in temples next to the statues of kings.
He began to wear royal shoes and clothes, sat on a gilded throne and had a great guard. The month (July) was named after Caesar, and the calendar was reformed under his name (Julian calendar). The list of honors to the king was written in gold on a silver column.
This led to popular unrest, which resulted in a coup d’etat and the assassination of the head of state. This happened on March 15, 44 BC. Among the murderers of the ruler was a relative and favorite of the ruler, Mark Junius Brutus, and his former associate, Cassius. Caesar was stabbed 23 times!
“Death of Caesar” (1805) artist Vincenzo Camuccini
Caesar was treacherously killed at one of the sessions of the Senate, at the foot of the statue of Pompey. But this did not bring the long-awaited peace to the country. Plebs and many patricians were enraged by the death of their favorite king. The failed saviors of the nation had to hastily flee outside Rome.
Julius Caesar was surrounded by many secrets and prophecies during his lifetime, after his death there were even more of them.
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