Grape Kishmish Nakhodka is a variety that can surprise its owners, and therefore is constantly in demand. Agrotechnics of the disease-resistant Nakhodka grape variety is simple, but requires care. Nakhodka knows how to suggest what a variety needs for maximum yield.
When choosing grapes for a summer cottage according to photographs and reviews, you should pay attention to the amazing success of the Kishmish Nakhodka grape variety – sold by gardening companies from Kaliningrad to Vladivostok! Love for the variety is associated with the excellent taste of berries, high yields, and the beauty of the brushes. In addition, Kishmish grapes can forgive agrotechnical errors. Even with the most inept care, the grapes will retain their “face” – their presentation. But Nakhodka will always remind you of itself – first with rudiments, then with real bones. Those who have learned to understand it, Kishmish Nakhodka grapes will repay with boundless love.
Pomology
Amateur breeder V.N. Krainov, creating the variety Kishmish Nakhodka, instilled in him the best qualities of his parents (Talisman x Kishmish Radiant). High yield – 6-7 kg per bush. The early ripening of Nakhodka grapes is the end of August. A bunch of grapes – 500-700 g, cylindric. Berries – 5-7 g, equal in size.
The pulp of grapes is sweet, nutmeg. Increased acidity of berries – lack of sun and trace elements.
Increased disease resistance of Nakhodka grape variety. Frost resistance – minus 23 ° С.
Landing
The timing of planting grape variety Nakhodka depends on the region: South of the country – spring-autumn; Central Our Country, North – the second half, the end of May.
Grapes of the Kishmish Nakhodka variety will be sweet if they get a place for growth near the southern wall or fence. The quality of the fruits of the variety is influenced by the soil. Variety Nakhodka bears fruit well on light fertile sandstones.
Additional processing is required: sand – the introduction of humus, compost at the rate of 2 buckets per 1 sq. m; heavy clay – sand 1 bucket, compost 3 buckets per 1 sq. m.
With a close occurrence of groundwater, the grapes need drainage.
The roots of grape varieties Kishmish develop well in the soil of deep loosening. To do this, they dig a planting hole – 100-120 cm deep, with sides of a square – 100 cm. If several bushes are planned to be planted, then the distance should be between: plants – 150-200 cm, rows – 200-250 cm.
For better water permeability, the bottom is covered with broken red bricks, chopped dry branches, plant residues – a layer of 20-25 cm. The upper fertile layer mixed with humus – 2-3 buckets, the pit is filled to the middle. The remaining soil mixture will be needed when planting a seedling.
Grape trellises for Kishmish Nakhodka grapes must also be prepared in advance. Support pillars 250 cm high, deepened by 65-70 cm, the distance between them is 250 cm. Galvanized wire with a diameter of 3 mm is fixed in 4 rows. The first – 40 cm from the ground, the next – after 40-50 cm.
For a small vineyard – 2-3 bushes, instead of wire, you can use half-bars 50×50 mm.
Shelter from frost – a simple ditch or a specially knocked down box, for the Nakhodka variety planted in Central Our Country, should be prepared simultaneously with the supports.
At a soil temperature of 10-12 ° C, planting is carried out. The best planting material for Kishmish varieties are 1-2 year old seedlings with a closed root system, purchased from trusted suppliers.
The stalk is removed from the container without disturbing the coma. It is installed in a hole, covered with the remaining mixture, watered with 1 bucket of water.
The open root system of cuttings of the Kishmish variety requires pruning: intact roots – up to 15 cm, patients are cut out completely. 3-4 buds are left on the shoot.
A mound is made in the planting hole. A seedling is installed on top, spreading the roots along the slopes.
Carefully pour water – 0,5 buckets, cover with the remaining soil mixture. The place for grafting cuttings of the Kishmish variety should be above ground level. Press the seedling tightly, water – 0,5 buckets, mulch the soil.
Trimming
Grape varieties Kishmish lends itself well to the formation of a bush, which can be:
- Fan;
- cordon;
- Besedochny;
- Sleeveless.
Fan formation is considered convenient for work. A well-formed grape bush Kishmish Nakhodka has 4-6 sleeves of different lengths, extending from the base like a fan.
The formation of a fan begins from the first year of the seedling of the Nakhodka grape variety, on which 2-3 shoots are left. In the second year, shoots – before bud break, cut off, leaving 2-3 eyes. The strongest – future sleeves – are tied to a trellis, the rest are removed.
In the third year, pruning is carried out based on the presence of shoots. With 4-6 shoots – pruning is carried out to a length of at least 50 cm. When 2 shoots are formed – to a length that accommodates 3-4 eyes. If the bush has 3 shoots, then 1 is formed as a replacement: 2 – cut to the length of the sleeve, on the replacement – leave 2-3 eyes. Shoots are tied up obliquely – with a fan.
Numerous summer shoots of the Nakhodka variety are broken out, keeping the upper branches on the sleeves. Left – as they grow, obliquely tied to the trellis.
From the shoots at the end of the sleeves, fruit links are formed in the fourth year. In each, the top shoot is removed. Of the remaining: the lower one is cut into 2-3 eyes, on the other 5-8 eyes are left.
A replacement for fruit-bearing vines of the Nakhodka variety is prepared from annual shoots with 2-3 eyes left at the base of the bush. Since the wounds do not swim, pruning should be done carefully, at a right angle.
Leaving shoots of Nakhodka grapes should be well ripened, of medium thickness, with short internodes, intact, without signs of disease.
Grape bushes of the Nakhodka variety, sheltered for the winter, are pruned twice. Autumn – preliminary, with the removal of fruit-bearing, unripened, diseased shoots. Spring – final, forming a bush.
Care
Important stages in the development of Nakhodka grapes are the first three years that require care. Care for a young bush is provided in a timely manner:
- watering;
- loosening;
- Top dressing.
The root system of grapes is deeply penetrating. Grapes Nakhodka is drought-resistant. But the bushes of a young vineyard, evaporating 98% of moisture for cooling, require regular watering – without waiting for the leaves to wilt.
The lack of moisture can affect adult plants of the Nakhodka grape variety – the formation of the crop is delayed. Excess water slows down the accumulation of sugar, inhibits the growth of shoots.
Loosening, combined with weeding, is carried out after each watering. It requires caution – the young shoots of Nakhodka are easily damaged.
Grape bushes of the Nakhodka variety grow quickly, requiring fertilizers for full development.
The best organic fertilizer is compost containing the necessary elements:
- Nitrogen – ensuring the growth of the vine;
- Phosphorus – contributing to the development of a berry bunch;
- Potassium – accelerating the ripening of the vine, fruits.
Compost can be used as mulch – a layer of 3-5 cm, without fear of overfeeding the grapes. Nutrients that are in a bound state are taken up by the roots of the Nakhodka grape within the limits of what is necessary.
However, the use of mineral fertilizers that cause delayed harm to human health is undesirable. Wood ash contains the necessary substituting components: calcium – 40%, potassium – 12%, phosphorus – 6%. As well as a set of trace elements – boron, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sulfur, zinc, copper.
Diseases
Grape variety Kishmish Nakhodka is resistant to fungal diseases. However, climatic quirks can provoke infections:
- Mildew – downy mildew;
- Oidium – real powdery mildew;
- Phomopsis – black spot;
- Botrytis – gray rot;
- Alternariosis;
- Anthracnose.
Nitrogen overfeeding of the Nakhodka variety contributes to outbreaks of downy mildew. The outer side of the leaves is covered with oily spots. The inner one is whitish. The ovaries, flowers, leaves dry up.
A whitish-gray coating, which is a sign of powdery mildew, will appear on the leaves with sudden temperature changes. Moving to bunches, it causes cracking of berries, which rot, dry.
A damp summer can cause black spots to appear on the leaf plates of the Kishmish Nakhodka grape variety. Phomopsis leads to spoilage of berries, dying off of sleeves.
Dampness causes the appearance of botrytis – gray rot.
Prolonged damp heat contributes to the appearance of brownish spots on the leaves, accompanied by a silvery sheen of berries. Alternariosis causes wrinkling of berries that do not store well.
Raw cool May-June causes the development of anthracnose. Gray spots on leaves, inflorescences, shoots lead to the death of the crop.
vermin
The victorious march of the Nakhodka grape variety from South to North is accompanied by hordes of insect pests:
- Leaf rollers;
- Shields;
- pillowcases;
- Grape Itch;
- Phylloxera.
Grape leafworm is a small moth that lays eggs on buds, foliage, ovaries. Voracious caterpillars can lead to significant crop losses.
Scale insects, like aphids, stick around plants, suck out juice, weaken bushes.
The pillowcase belongs to the family of false shields. Settling on the underside of the leaves, they feed on juice, highlighting a whitish fluff.
It is well mastering the northern territories of the itch – a felt mite, 0,15–0,2 mm in size. Sucking out the juices, leaves behind a felt web. Infected leaves dry up. Yields are declining.
The small yellowish aphid, phylloxera, is a quarantine pest. It lives mainly in the southern regions, but movements towards the North of the country are observed. It is carried by planting material, wind, animals. Able to lay several hundred eggs per season. The larvae are voracious, sucking juices from the roots. The bush is depleted, quickly perishes.
No less damage is done to grape harvests: wasps – eat away the pulp, birds – peck berries.
Protection
The best way to protect the Nakhodka grapes is the implementation of agrotechnical measures. Properly formed bushes, planted at a sufficient distance, are well ventilated, illuminated by the sun.
Infusions help to resist sucking insects:
- Garlic – a glass of crushed mass, insist for a day, add 50 g of soap, dilute with 10 liters of water;
- Ashes – 1 glass of wood ash per 10 liters of water, leave for a week, add 50 g of soap;
- Laundry soap – against gray rot, 100 g of soap per 10 liters of water;
- Milk with iodine – 1 liter x 15 drops of iodine per 10 liters of water;
- Tar soap – a pack of soap for 5 liters of water, against scale insects.
Nylon mesh, bottles filled with meat broth, sour compote save from wasps.
Birds are scared off by ribbons of shiny paper, thin patches of white fabric, vegetable nets.
Shelter
Fallen leaves serve as a signal for pruning Kishmish Nakhodka grapes, shelters for the winter. The vines are untied from the trellises, collected in bunches, attached to the ground, covered with sawdust. Spruce spruce branches will stop the mice. They cover with roofing material, fall asleep with fallen snow, lightly tamp.
Reviews
Conclusion
Grape Kishmish Nakhodka is resistant to fungal diseases, wasps are affected to a lesser extent. The variety painlessly reacts to erroneous pruning. The only thing that Nakhodka grapes do not tolerate well is a dismissive attitude. Then the owner has to spit the bones.
