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Large clusters of white grapes always look luxurious – whether on the vine, or as an exquisite dessert. The perfect shape of the berries, like the table grape variety Nadezhda Aksaiskaya, attracts the eye even more. Among the advantages of an early ripe hybrid is unpretentiousness and the possibility of growing it in the middle climatic zone.
Characterization
The universal grape Nadezhda Aksaiskaya was bred by V. U. Kapelyushny, a well-known amateur breeder from the Aksai district of the Rostov region. The hybrid was obtained by crossing common varieties Arcadia and Talisman. Observations of the new variety were carried out for 10 years, and then enthusiastic gardeners began to grow a new vine in different parts of the country, even in the Urals and Siberia. The frost resistance of the hybrid is -24 degrees. Winegrowers are happy to propagate table varieties that do not require special care, like Nadezhda Aksaiskaya. Grapes can be grown by beginner gardeners. The bushes are fruitful, the collection reaches up to 40 kg of sweet berries from one vine.
Depending on the region where the vineyard is located, the berries ripen for 110-120 days. Clusters hold the berries firmly and can be left on the vine for longer periods. The pleasant taste of berries becomes sweeter and acquires nutmeg notes. Many gardeners believe that the taste of the berries is reminiscent of the Arcadia variety. The grape vine Nadezhda Aksaiskaya matures by more than two-thirds during the growing season. In addition to the table destination, the berries are used to create an exquisite bouquet of wine. The juice has a noticeable nutmeg aroma.
Vine Features
An undemanding grape variety is grown on any soil: clay, sandy, black earth. The cuttings root well. Annual seedlings are distinguished by a developed root system and active growth. A powerful vine requires rationing of shoots and inflorescences: no more than 35 eyes are left per bush. Peasing is not noted. The vine of Nadezhda Aksayskaya has an average resistance to common grape diseases, estimated at 3 points. Against fungal diseases, it is necessary to carry out preventive treatments in a timely manner. Also, the Nadezhda Aksayskaya grape has an average resistance to wasps and phylloxera.
Description
According to the characteristics of the Nadezhda Aksaiskaya grape, the vines of the variety are medium-sized or vigorous-growing on old rootstocks. Mature shoots are strong, light brown in color, with a brighter color of the nodes. Rounded dark green grape leaves of medium size, slightly dissected. The yield of the variety is determined by the presence of bisexual flowers. Light green stalks are long, but strong.
Dense, large clusters of Nadezhda Aksaiskaya grapes are cylindrical-conical, there are winged ones. On average, one bunch weighs from 700 to 1500 g, under good conditions, the mass reaches 2 kg. Oval oblong berries, 2,8 x 2,3 cm in size, weigh 8-12 g or more, a pleasant greenish-yellow hue. The peel is quite dense, but not noticeable when used. The pulp of the grape variety is juicy, dense, pleasantly crunches. Soft, sweet taste when fully ripened, enriched with notes of honey and nutmeg. The composition of sugars in the berries of the variety rises to 16-18%, acid – 6-7 g / l.
Advantages and disadvantages
The rapid spread and growing popularity of the Nadezhda Aksaiskaya grape testify to the advantages of the variety for growing in household plots.
- Prematurity;
- Rich taste of berries and an attractive appearance of the bunch;
- High commercial performance of grape bunches;
- Keeping quality and transportability;
- High and stable yield of the variety;
- Relative resistance to gray mold, oidium and mildew (level 3 points);
- Drought resistance and frost resistance.
Among the shortcomings of the Nadezhda Aksai grape variety are called:
- Sensitivity to phylloxera;
- Поражаемость осами;
- Disposition to fungal diseases in a prolonged rainy period.
Reproduction
The variety is propagated by cuttings, layering, grafting. The vine of Nadezhda Aksayskaya actively develops if it is grafted onto a long-planted vine bush.
Layers
This method is used more often with bushes growing on their own roots. An excellent method of grape propagation in regions with a short period of summer heat. For industrial areas, it is ineffective, but suitable for a backyard vineyard. If the length of the vine allows, the layering is added dropwise to a permanent place, and the extra shoots formed are either seated or removed. For good rooting and development of a grape bush, you can create only two layers from one vine. Layers are created in autumn, early spring or early July. The shoot of grapes takes root without separating from the bush of the mother liquor: the roots grow from nodes and internodes, and the sprouts from the eyes.
- If work begins in early spring, on a vine with buds that have not yet appeared, a groove 45 cm wide and 20-25 cm deep is dug under the overwintered branch;
- A 5-centimeter layer of earth mixed with humus and complex mineral fertilizers is laid at the bottom, or superphosphate and potassium salt are added;
- A branch of grapes is bent, laid in a groove, fixed with garden studs and sprinkled with soil to a height of 10 cm. The top is brought out above the ground;
- The groove is watered and covered with polyethylene until rooting;
- Regular watering is carried out so that the soil does not dry out, weeds are removed;
- With the advent of sprouts, the film is removed, the groove is filled with earth to the surface level, and as the shoots grow, they are tied up;
- When grape bushes are sprayed for prevention, sprouts are also treated together;
- In autumn, a groove with sprouts is carefully dug up, each shoot with roots is cut off and kept until spring in a dark and dry basement. Planted in June.
Cuttings
For rooting, well-ripened annual autumn cuttings of the Nadezhda Aksaiskaya variety are taken, at least 0,8-10 cm thick, with several eyes: 8 buds – for planting directly into the soil and 5-6 – for seedlings. After cutting cuttings for propagation, some gardeners make small cuts or scrapes on the bottom of the cutting with a knife before planting. Fragments of the vine are kept in water for two days, then wrapped in a wet cloth and taken to the basement. During storage, the cuttings should not be overdried.
In the spring, the cuttings are planted in pots with sand and soil, moistened regularly. The cutting is deepened into the soil by two-thirds of the length so that the two upper buds remain above the ground. The accustomed cuttings are planted in the established warm weather.
Cuttings are prepared not only in the fall, they are also cut in the spring. Spring plantings take root better. Grape bushes develop intensively, shoots ripen.
How to plant a southern vine
Planting grapes – cuttings or seedlings – are placed on the south or south-west side of the buildings, in a quiet place, not blown by the winds. 0,8-1 m recede from the wall. For the vine of the Nadezhda Aksayskaya grape variety, props or trellises are sure to be arranged. When landing, you can simultaneously arrange a strong support bar in the pit.
- They dig a hole measuring 0,8 x 0,8 m, the same depth;
- Drainage material is placed at the bottom;
- The upper soil is mixed with humus and fertilizers: 500 g of azofoska, 1-liter jar of wood ash;
- The distance between adjacent holes is not less than 1,5-2 m;
- Plentifully water the hole and mulch.
Care
The vine of Nadezhda Aksaya is developing rapidly. The root system of plants of this variety is also well branched. Because of this, the grapes do not need frequent watering, as well as ill-conceived nitrogen fertilizing in July or August. Only in a very dry period, the grapes are watered. When pruning, make sure that the bush is not overloaded: 30-35 eyes are enough. Cut into 2-4 eyes. In the last decade of June, the shoots are thinned out, excess inflorescences are removed. The ovaries are spread on both sides of the bush. For the winter, the vine is removed from the trellis and covered with hay or straw.
Additional fertilizing
In the spring, Nadezhda Aksaiskaya grapes are fertilized with compost, humus is given in the fall. Such top dressing is carried out every three years. Now you can buy balanced complex mineral fertilizers that support grapes:
- In the spring, during the awakening of the vine;
- Before flowering;
- In the phase of pouring berries.
- Grapes need phosphorus top dressing if the leaves fade a little and darken;
- The vine lacks potassium if the berries are unsweetened and the leaves turn yellow early.
Diseases and pests
To prevent diseases, the vines of the Nadezhda Aksay grape variety are sprayed, especially on rainy days:
- Topaz, Quadris, Strobe, Karatan, Rubigan, Bayleton help in the fight against powdery mildew;
- Effective in the fight against gray rot: Bordeaux liquid, Ridomil-Gold, Rovral.
- With the defeat of the phylloxera vines are removed;
- Insecticide “Omite” will help fight spider mites;
- Grapes are protected from wasps with a fine-mesh plastic mesh.
A productive unpretentious vine can be started by every lover. A minimum of care and concern will give sweet berries for dessert in the pre-autumn time.
