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Early Gourmet grapes are an amateur hybrid form bred by the famous breeder V.N. Krainov. The original name is Novocherkassky red.
Parent varieties are Kishmish radiant and Talisman. Ripening of berries occurs in the early stages within 115-120 days after the swelling of the kidneys. The harvest is taken at the end of July.
Botanical description
Description and photo of Novocherkassky red grapes:
- medium plant;
- flowers of female type;
- clusters of a cylindrical shape, weighing from 700 g to 1,5 kg;
- oval berry weighing 8-10 g, pink;
- juicy fleshy pulp;
- musky taste.
Variety Gurman early brings a stable high yield. The dense skin is eaten, but not damaged by wasps. Berries are consumed fresh, used for making juices and other types of processing.
Planting of grapes
The right place for planting early Gourmet grapes is a guarantee of high yields in the future. Be sure to take into account the illumination of the site, its location relative to buildings and trees. Fertilizers and other components are used to improve soil composition.
Site and seedling preparation
Variety Gourmet early prefers good natural light. It is best to choose a place for planting located on the south or west side of the site. In the shade, the plant develops slowly, and the fruits do not acquire a sweet taste.
Grape varieties Novocherkassky red needs fertile loose soil. If necessary, the composition of the soil is improved with sand, compost and wood ash.
In cool regions, bushes are planted on the south side of the building. Due to the reflection of the sun’s rays, the grapes will receive additional heat.
Saplings of the early Gurman variety are purchased in nurseries. In healthy plants, the root system is not overdried, there are no spots, cracks and other defects. Before planting, 2 strong shoots are left at the seedling, which are cut into 2 eyes. The roots are also shortened to a length of 15 cm.
Order of work
Planting work is carried out in early spring before the buds begin to swell. If the planting of Novocherkassky red grapes is transferred to autumn, then the end of September or October is selected.
First, a hole is dug into which drainage and fertile soil are poured. Within 2-3 weeks, the soil will settle, after which they begin work.
The order of planting grapes Gourmet early:
- Dig a hole with a diameter and depth of 80 cm.
- At the bottom, pour a layer of crushed stone or expanded clay 10 cm thick.
- Fill the drainage layer with 1 bucket of sand and 2 buckets of humus.
- Add 150 g of superphosphate and 180 g of potassium sulfate to the fertile soil. Place the potting mix in the hole.
- When the soil settles, plant a seedling. Straighten its roots and cover them with earth.
- Compact the soil and water the grapes generously.
After planting, water the seedling weekly with warm water. Before the onset of frost, be sure to insulate the grapes to protect them from freezing in winter.
Care of grapes
Gourmet early grapes respond positively to care. Bushes require watering, fertilizing and pruning. In a snowless cold winter, plants provide shelter. Preventive spraying will help protect the vineyard from the spread of diseases and pests.
Watering
Shrubs under the age of 3 years need frequent watering. Adult bushes of the Novocherkassky red variety have a developed root system that helps them extract moisture from the soil.
Scheme of watering grape varieties Gurman early:
- in the spring before the leaves appear;
- when buds appear;
- after flowering.
The water consumption rate is 4 buckets for each bush. For irrigation, take warm settled water, where a handful of wood ash is added. When the ripening of the berries begins, the introduction of moisture is stopped so that the pulp does not acquire a watery taste.
In autumn, before sheltering for the winter, the early Gurman grape variety, regardless of age, needs abundant watering. The procedure increases the winter hardiness of plants, since moist soil protects the roots of grapes from freezing.
Feeding
If fertilizers were applied to the planting pit, then early Gourmet grapes are provided with useful substances for the next 3-4 years. In the future, top dressing of the bushes is carried out annually.
Grapes are fed according to the scheme:
- in the spring when the first leaves appear;
- 14 days after flowering;
- when the crop ripens;
- autumn after harvesting berries.
If the grapes develop normally, then two treatments are sufficient: 10 days before and after flowering. For spring top dressing, substances containing nitrogen are chosen. The vineyard is watered with mullein infusion in a ratio of 1:15.
Before and after flowering, for the treatment of Novocherkassky red grapes, a solution is prepared containing 10 g of superphosphate and 130 g of potassium salt per 200 liters of water. After the substances are dissolved with the resulting fertilizer, the plants are watered under the root.
Root top dressing of grapes can be replaced by spraying. Plants are processed leaf by leaf in cloudy weather or in the evening.
Every 3 years in the fall, the soil is dug up and up to 6 buckets of manure per 1 sq. m. Instead of organic matter, 100 g of phosphorus and potash fertilizers are embedded in the soil.
Trimming
According to the description of the variety, review and photo, early Gourmet grapes bring a high yield due to the correct load. No more than 22-24 shoots are left for each bush. The rest of the branches are pruned. Shoots are shortened by 6-8 eyes.
Pruning is carried out in early spring, when the air warms up to +5 ° C.
If work is postponed to autumn, then you need to wait for the end of leaf fall.
In summer, early Gourmet grapes are not pruned. It is enough to eliminate stepsons and leaves that cover the bunches from the sun.
Protection against diseases and pests
Early Gourmet grapes are highly resistant to mildew and gray rot. However, the variety is susceptible to oidium, a fungal disease that develops in damp conditions. The risk of developing the disease increases in the absence of pruning and frequent planting of grape bushes.
First, the oidium affects leaves and shoots, gradually moving to inflorescences and berries. As a result, the yield drops, in advanced cases, the plant dies.
To protect grapes from diseases, preventive treatments are needed. For spraying plants prepare a solution of the drug Ridomil, Ordan or Topaz. During the season, 3-5 treatments are allowed.
The vineyard is susceptible to attack by aphids, thrips, wasps, weevils, mites, leafworms and other pests. After the detection of insects, the plants are treated with Karbofos and Aktellik insecticides. For prevention, folk remedies are used: infusions based on wormwood, tobacco dust, onion peel.
Shelter for the winter
According to the description of the variety, reviews and photos, the winter hardiness of early Gourmet grapes is -23 ° С. When grown in cold regions, bushes need shelter. In autumn, the shoots are removed from the support and laid on the ground. They are spudded, then covered with dry leaves and humus.
Additionally, a wooden or metal frame is installed above the grapes. Burlap or agrofibre is fixed on top. It is not recommended to use plastic wrap, because under it the plant quickly rots.
In the spring, the shelter is removed when the temperature rises to +5 ° C. If the likelihood of frost remains, ventilation holes are left in the covering material.
Reviews of gardeners
Conclusion
Gourmet early grapes are characterized by early ripening and high quality of the crop. Shrub care involves watering, fertilizing and pruning. The variety has good frost resistance and is able to resist fungal diseases.
