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When an inexperienced gardener is looking for uncovered or covering grape varieties for the Moscow region, he falls into a complete delusion. The fact is that in viticulture such definitions do not exist. This concept is an individual characteristic of the variety. For example, if you take the same grapes, in the south it will be uncovered, and in the Moscow region the vine needs to be covered. The grower himself compares the lowest possible temperature in winter in his region with the allowable hypothermia of the vine of the grown variety. From the comparisons obtained, it determines whether it is necessary to cover the bushes for the winter or not.
Without shelter, any vine grows in the south. However, you can find non-covering grapes for the Moscow region that can withstand low temperatures. Breeders bred these fertile varieties by crossing table grapes with American Librusec. As a result, frost-resistant hybrids with an early ripening period were obtained.
You need to know that any young frost-resistant grape varieties for the Moscow region require mandatory shelter in order to gradually accustom the vine to the cold:
- First year the life of the young bush is completely sheltered;
- second year lives perform similar actions;
- for the third year life is left uncovered one sleeve.
In the spring, an uncovered whip determines whether the vine in the region is able to survive the winter in open cultivation.
Strongly thermophilic grapes in the Moscow region are grown even in a closed way, adapting greenhouses. A feature of culture is not the fear of frost. Temperature changes are detrimental to the vine, when colds are often replaced by thaws. The bush is saved from frost by shelter, but it will harm with the advent of heat. Kidneys at elevated temperatures begin to rot.
The video provides an overview of winter-hardy grape varieties:
Overview of winter-hardy varieties
To find out which grape varieties are best planted in the Moscow region, one must take into account the lowest possible winter temperature and the onset of cold weather. By the time of a cold snap, the culture should yield a crop, lay fruit buds and enter the stage of calm. For the Moscow region, early early ripening varieties are optimal, it is better if they are zoned.
Aleshenkin
Decently early grape varieties for the Moscow region are represented by the Aleshenkin crop. The maximum ripening period for the crop is 115 days. Brushes are formed large often with branchings. The shape of the bunch resembles a cone. Large brushes weigh 1,5–2,5 kg. The average weight of bunches is 0,7 kg. The berry is large, oval in shape, weighs up to 5 g. The fruit is yellow-green, more like the color of light honey. The skin has a slight white coating.
There are many seedless berries in the bunch. Sweetness and acidity harmonize evenly on the palate. The pulp is juicy, tender. Subject to the conditions of agricultural technology, an adult bush is able to bring 25 kg of crop. The culture is considered frost-resistant, as it is able to withstand temperatures down to -26оC.
The manifestation of fungal diseases is observed in inclement summer. You can save the crop only by regular spraying with fungicides every two weeks.
The video shows the Aleshenkin variety:
Victoria
Considering grapes in the Moscow region, description of varieties, photos, it is worth stopping at the time-tested Victoria. The culture has long adapted to the local climate, enduring frosts down to -26оC. Muscat grapes ripen at about 110 days. Grapes grow large, weighing up to 7 g. The shape of the fruit is oval. The flesh and skin are pink, with a white coating on top. The fruits are very sweet and juicy, with an excess of moisture they crack. The aroma of nutmeg is manifested only in fully ripened fruits.
Clusters weigh from 0,5 to 1 kg. The brushes are loose, but have an excellent presentation and easily tolerate transportation. From saturation with sugar, wasps chose the crop. Insects can quickly gnaw through the thin skin and eat away the flesh.
A curler
Kuderka stands out from the late grape variety for the Moscow region. Among themselves, the growers call him Kudrik. The yield of an adult bush is unusually huge – up to 100 kg. The berries are spherical in shape, dark blue, almost black. The pulp contains a lot of sugar, which makes it possible to prepare delicious fortified wine. The mass of brushes is about 300 g. The shape of the bunch is cone-shaped, sometimes cylindrical. The berries are collected loosely, loose brushes are often found. Frost-resistant and sweet grape variety for the Moscow region Kuderka withstands temperatures as low as -30оC.
Culture does not require special care. Mildew and oidium bushes are rarely affected, but phylloxera are afraid. The method of combating the disease is preventive spraying.
Lydia
Considering non-covering grape varieties for the Moscow region, gardeners’ reviews often praise the unpretentious Lydia. The culture is mid-season. Harvest ripens after 150 days. Bushes of medium height. Intensive growth of shoots is observed with increased humidity and fertilizing with humus. The clusters grow medium-sized, weighing 100–150 g. The berry is usually round, but sometimes slightly elongated fruits grow. When ripe, the skin turns red with a purple hue. There is a white coating on top.
The pulp is slimy, sweet with strawberry aroma. There is a lot of acid in the skin. Moreover, it is rough, which is felt during chewing. Sugar content – up to 20%. Up to 42 kg of crop is harvested from an adult bush. The variety is disease resistant. The vine withstands frosts down to -26оWith, but without shelter for the winter, grapes are best grown only in the southern regions.
Jupiter
Looking for grape varieties for the Moscow region that are uncovered sweet, it is worth giving preference to the early culture of Jupiter. Harvest ripening occurs after 110 days. Bushes are medium tall. Clusters grow large, weighing about 0,5 kg. Brushes are formed of a cylindrical or indefinite shape. The density of berries per bunch is average. Sometimes there are loose brushes.
Ripe berries are dark red. The skin has a purple tint. The shape of the berries is elongated, oval. The fruit weighs about 6 g. The pulp is sweet with a nutmeg aroma. The sugar content is over 21%. The vine can withstand an acceptable temperature drop to -27оC.
Sovering Tiara
Sovering Tiara belongs to the category of the best grape varieties for the Moscow region for open cultivation. The vine has time to fully mature before the onset of cold weather. Harvest begins to be collected in the third decade of August. The bushes are vigorous, the lashes are sprawling. The mass of a bunch usually does not exceed 200 g. The berries are round, small, weighing about 4 g. Ripe fruits are white. The berries in the brush are collected tightly. The pulp is mucous, sweet and sour taste. An adult vine can withstand frosts down to -30оC.
Valiant
Early grapes, zoned for the Moscow region, bring the harvest in the third decade of August. In a cool rainy summer, the ripening of berries can be delayed until September. The bush is powerful, vigorous. Clusters grow small, 10 cm long, weighing about 100 g. The shape of the berries is spherical. The pulp is mucous with a large bone. The black skin does not come off well. There is a white coating on the surface.
Valiant is considered a technical grape for the Moscow region, from which wine or juice is made, but can be used instead of a table variety. The berries in the bunch are densely packed. The sugar content is about 20%. Ripe berries are saturated with strawberry aroma. An adult vine is able to withstand frosts down to -45оC, which rightfully classifies grapes as a non-covering group.
Phenomenon
If you want to grow resistant grape varieties for the Moscow region for table purposes, Phenomenon is preferred. The culture brings large cone-shaped brushes weighing about 1 kg. The vine does not have a strong growth. Bushes of medium size. Berries of the form of an elongated oval. The skin is white, often with a yellow-green tint. The taste of the pulp is sweet and sour. The sugar content is about 22%.
Harvest begins to ripen in the second half of August. Clusters are able to hang on the vine until mid-September. The vine tolerates frosts down to -24оC. In industrial cultivation, the yield is 140 kg / ha.
Alpha
Frost-resistant American variety withstands temperatures down to -35оC. According to the structure – a liana bush. Scourges are able to grow up to 9 m long. The leaf is large, 25×20 cm in size. The variety is considered medium-late. The crop is harvested after 150 days. Medium cylindrical brushes. The berries are tightly packed. The fruits are round, slightly elongated. The skin is black with a white coating. The mucous pulp has a lot of acid. The ripe fruit has a pronounced strawberry aroma. The yield from one adult bush reaches 10 kg.
In the industrial cultivation of grapes, the yield is about 180 q/ha. The variety is resistant to common diseases. Shows only weakness to chlorosis. Bushes are often used to decorate arbors, arranging hedges.
Buffalo
The variety is considered early, but in the Moscow region the clusters ripen in the third decade of September. The bush is sprawling, vigorous. New lashes ripen before the onset of frost. Clusters grow cone-shaped, often indefinite shape. The berries are collected tightly, but there are also loose brushes. The fruits are large, spherical, sometimes slightly elongated. The skin is dark blue, almost black with a white coating.
The taste of the berries is sweet and sour. The aroma of the pulp resembles a forest pear. The composition contains up to 21% sugar. Under conditions of industrial cultivation, the yield reaches 120 centners per hectare. The vine withstands frosts down to -28оC. The variety is slightly susceptible to mildew and oidium. By destination, the variety is more related to the technical group. The berries are used to make wine and juice.
Conclusion
Looking for the best, frost-resistant, new varieties of grapes for the Moscow region, experienced gardeners plant 1-2 crops. If the vine overwintered well and started growing in the spring, then the variety is suitable for the region.
Reviews
A lot has been written about non-covering grapes for the Moscow region. Every avid gardener has their favorite variety.