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Frequent urination is a temporary symptom that may appearincluding, and on the background of pathologies. This phenomenon is denoted by the term pollakiuria, sometimes accompanied by pain and burning, severe discomfort and a feeling of incomplete emptying. Frequent urination can also be caused by external factors, in which case the symptom goes away on its own in a short time. Pathology and the normal process of frequent emptying is important to distinguish from each other.
urinary frequency clinic
Normal dynamics of urination is a very relative concept, for each person these are individual indicators. The frequency and amount of urine excreted at a time may be normal for one and uncomfortable for another. On average, a healthy person visits tunic up to 6 times a day, excreting up to 350 m of urine.
In children, the frequency of urination is slightly higher, in infants it reaches up to 25 times a day. For children from 3 to 9 years old, emptying the bladder 4-8 times a day is considered normal. From the age of 9, the frequency decreases to the “adult norm”.
The main criterion that distinguishes the norm from frequent urination is comfort. If a person does not experience discomfort when visiting the toilet 10 times a day, then this is the norm for him. Hence the general definition of the concept of frequent urination. This is an increase in the frequency of urges compared to the usual dynamics for a particular person. If bathroom visits become more frequent during the daytime, this is called pollakiuria. Separately, frequent urination at night is considered – this is nocturia.
Another important factor is pain during urination. Even if the frequency has not increased, but there are unpleasant sensations, you need to consult a doctor. With frequent and painful urination, examination and full treatment is necessary. The desire to empty the bladder more often also appears during normal physiological processes. For example, alcohol and caffeine-containing drinks, a large amount of liquid, lead to the natural release of urine. Diuretic are: cucumbers, melons, lingonberries, watermelons, etc.
Due to heavy drinking, taking diuretic herbs or products, the desire to go to the toilet appears more often, the process passes without pain with a large urine output. This phenomenon disappears within 1-2 days without treatment. If pollakiuria or nocturia appears for no apparent reason, they may be the result of an illness.
Causes of frequent urination
Physiological factors lead to frequent emptying of the bladder, but for a short time. This includes cases with abundant fluid intake or special foods. Also, from external factors, psychological health affects the genitourinary system. During periods of prolonged stress or tension, anxiety, blood vessels constrict. Because of this, the level of oxygen drops, the body compensatory produces more urine. In this case, you need to get rid of the irritating factor and support the nervous system, pollakiuria will pass as a secondary symptom.
Pathological causes of frequent urination in women and men require diagnosis and therapy. Conventionally, such diseases are divided into pathologies of the urinary system and diseases of other internal organs.
Diseases of the urinary system
Frequent urination in men and women occurs for the same reasons. The only exception is prostate adenoma, which also leads to pollakiuria. Otherwise, it leads to constant urges:
- overactive bladder;
- stones in the kidneys;
- urethritis;
- muscle weakness of the walls of the bladder;
- pyelonephritis;
- cystitis;
- kidney failure;
- infections: chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis.
Inflammatory processes such as pyelonephritis, urethritis and cystitis are accompanied by frequent urge and pain during urination. The patient experiences burning sensation in urinary canal, often after going to the toilet there is a feeling of an unemptied bladder. A set of such symptoms exhausts the patient, sometimes incontinence occurs. At the same time, the amount of excreted urine is very small. Symptoms are aggravated by hypothermia, stress, physical exertion.
Frequent urination with an irresistible urge to urinate occurs with an overactive bladder. This pathology occurs when there is a malfunction in the peripheral nervous system, when a series of impulses enter the bladder. From involuntary contractions, a person feels a constant desire to go to the restroom. After emptying, there is a feeling of an unfinished act. However, pain and pain in this case is not observed.
Similar symptoms occur with weakness of the bladder wall. Weakened tissues are not able to withstand the pressure of even small portions of urine, which is why you constantly want to go to the toilet. There is no pain or burning, but the patient may experience general weakness and exhaustion.
Sexually transmitted infections also cause pollakiuria, although rarely. In this case, it is quite simple to establish the cause, since in addition to frequent urges, itching, an unpleasant odor, and discharge appear. During emptying, there may be a slight burning or tickling sensation.
Pathologies of internal organs and systems
The exact cause of frequent urination should be determined by the doctor, as this symptom may indicate serious, including, chronic pathologies. AT This the case of nocturia and pollakiuria is a secondary symptom. It appears in the background:
- diabetes and diabetes insipidus;
- vascular and heart diseases;
- injuries of the pelvis and internal organs;
- tumors (especially prostate).
Frequent urination is a classic symptom for people with diabetes. In diabetes insipidus, the function neurohypophysis – section brain responsible for the release of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. As a result, the functioning of the kidneys and the formation of urine are disrupted, and the emptying of the bladder becomes more frequent. The patient drinks much more to restore the lack of fluid. With diabetes, the patient also has a constant desire to drink and defecate. During the excretion of urine, the patient may experience tingling and a slight burning sensation from the action of sugar.
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels often lead to nocturia. Against the background of such diseases, edema occurs, including hidden ones, which are aggravated during periods of physical activity. At night, swelling subsides, the body removes excess fluid. Nocturia occurs in both women and men, during the night the patient can visit the restroom 6-8 times.
Prostate cancer is the cause of frequent urination in men. In this case, an adenoma is formed, which presses on the urethral canal. The normal process of urination is gradually disturbed, the amount of urine excreted becomes less and less, and the frequency of urges increases. In this case, the emptying process is accompanied by pain in the urethra and lower abdomen.
Also, such a symptom occurs after injuries and operations on the pelvic and abdominal organs. An increase in the frequency of urges may be painless or accompanied by pain. In such cases, the symptoms and treatment are individual. Congenital pathologies, as a rule, try to eliminate in infancy. All of the above causes can occur in adults and children. It is quite difficult to notice a similar problem in a child, since they are characterized by a rapid urination. However, if redness appears on the genitals, blood or other impurities in the urine, you need to show the child to a pediatric urologist.
Diagnosis and treatment
Frequent urination that occurs due to natural causes (heavy drinking, caffeine) does not require treatment. Also, a similar symptom occurs during pregnancy due to pressure on the pelvic organs. In pregnant women, this phenomenon goes away on its own, you need to consult a doctor if it is accompanied by a burning sensation. If the cause is mental stress, the problem is solved by a psychotherapist.
All other cases require examination and testing. Therapy will consist of highly targeted drugs (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodics, etc.). Surgical intervention is needed extremely rarely, as a rule, with adenoma and in severe cases of an overactive bladder.
Due to the fact that this symptom is unpleasant, most patients seek to get rid of it as soon as possible. But, as in the case of other diseases, there is a share of patientswho rely on traditional medicine and self-medication. Doing this is dangerous, as you risk aggravating the disease. Most of the diseases leading to pollakiuria and nocturia are treated in a few weeks and pass without a trace with proper treatment.