Contents
Feeding pears in spring on time and with appropriate fertilizers is the main task of the gardener. Flowering, the formation of ovaries and their subsequent development depend on the procedure. Summer top dressing promotes fruiting, and autumn top dressing will strengthen the tree before winter trials. It is important to use fertilizers according to the norm, while the lack will only affect the yield, and the excess sometimes destroys the tree.
Why do you need top dressing pears in the spring
Pear trees are fed systematically, but fertilizers applied in a timely manner in spring are especially important for plants. They provide activation of growth and development of the crown, the growth of new shoots, the quality and quantity of fruits not only in the current year, but also for future collections. According to the algorithm generally accepted by gardeners, at the beginning of crop development, three top dressings are carried out in the spring:
- with swelling of the kidneys;
- at the time of blooming buds;
- at the beginning of the formation of ovaries.
The composition of all preparations for fertilizer in the spring includes nitrogen:
- assimilating nutrients from the first feeding, the pear gives them a significant part for the crown and foliage, the growth of new shoots;
- fertilizers after the second feeding stimulate the number of flowers formed, forming the volume of the crop;
- an important third support for the tree with nitrogen-containing fertilizers, which will prevent the ovaries from falling off and give the pear the opportunity to nourish the growing fruits.
Complex preparations, where the composition contains potassium and phosphorus, will contribute to the proper formation of fruits in June. These elements decompose for a long time, and their inclusion in pear fertilizer in the spring is timely, although they are used by the tree only in summer. Sometimes gardeners take for the first two dressings only nitrogen substances – ammonium nitrate or urea. But for the last fertilizer in the spring, preparations with different components are more often used, remembering that the tree will have to feed the fruit that has set.
Varieties of fertilizers for pears
There is a rule: in the spring, a pear is given two-thirds of the total amount of top dressing for the warm season. Along with mineral products, widespread available organic fertilizers are widely used: bird droppings, mullein, or waste products of other herbivores. The remaining volume is used in the summer.
Organic
Often, gardeners bring organic matter under the pear from the very beginning of spring. Over time, humus or compost decomposes and feeds the tree with the substances it needs during this period, especially nitrogen. As a third top dressing in spring, chicken manure is also popular, serving as a source not only of nitrogen, but rich in various other elements. An organic herbal infusion stimulates vegetation, which is also applied as the last fertilizer in the spring. Mullein or bird droppings are added to the green mass during the fermentation process.
Organics, compost, well-rotted humus, or even compacted manure are often used in the fall to mulch the pear trunk circle, which is carried out before the onset of cold weather. In the spring, after digging, the substances nourish the roots of the tree. Humus or bird droppings are applied under the pear after 2-3 years.
Mineral
There are many convenient complex preparations for the garden from leading companies in this industry – Fertica, Super Master, Actiwin, Plantafol, where the entire composition is balanced and scientifically calculated. Such fertilizers include not only three macronutrients, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, but also many trace elements necessary for plants: manganese, magnesium, boron, copper, iron and others. More popular are the usual products that are produced by the domestic industry:
- nitroammophoska;
- nitrofosca;
- nitrophos;
- diammofosca;
- ammophos;
- nitroammophos.
Different fertilizers are applied in the spring according to the type of soil. Therefore, it is better to purchase mineral products in local stores, where they are imported in accordance with demand and need.
In the spring, pears are fed with ammonium nitrate or carbamide, which also has another name – urea. In summer, boron compounds, potassium salt, potassium monophosphate, superphosphate, magnesium sulfate and others are taken for fertilizer. It is recommended to carry out foliar top dressing during this period.
How to fertilize a pear in spring
After the snow melts, you can already carry out root dressing in the garden. The main condition for successful fertilization in spring or summer is that the soil is loose and moist. Feed only mature trees or the year before last seedlings. A young plant of autumn planting does not need to be fed; for the entire warm season, it has enough of those substances that are placed in a pit.
Fertilizers when planting pears
For such a powerful and high-yielding tree as a pear, it is recommended to prepare a planting hole in advance. If a pear is planted in the southern regions in the fall, a pit is dug in the spring or early summer. For planting pears in the middle lane and in more severe climates, spring is usually chosen, but a hole for a tree is prepared in October. By placing a seedling on fertile soils, fertilizers are also laid. As one of the options, nutrients are not placed in the hole, but they enrich the future area of uXNUMXbuXNUMXbthe trunk circle with them during preliminary digging.
A light-loving plant is placed in a spacious place, avoiding windy and low-lying areas. Pear successfully develops on fertile loams. On other soils, a special planting substrate is introduced into the pit, if necessary, in clay, a drainage layer is arranged. Holes for pears are dug spacious, up to 70-100 cm in diameter, up to 70-90 cm deep. The composition of the planting substrate for pears varies depending on the soil:
- on soils rich in humus, use an incomplete bucket of compost or rotted humus, 2 tbsp. l. superphosphate and 1 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate;
- a pit on poor soil is filled with a mixture of 3 buckets of humus, 2 buckets of sand or a bucket of clay, guided by which component prevails in the soil, and the proportion of fertilizers also increases – up to 10 tbsp. l. superphosphate and 2-3 tbsp. l. potassium sulfate;
- on acidic and heavy clay soils, first six months before planting pears in the spring, a solution of 400 g of dolomite flour per bucket of water is applied to the site, pouring the indicated amount per 1 sq. m;
- after 10-30 days, laying the pit, mix the substrate in the proportion of 1 liter of humus per 1 liter of garden soil.
What fertilizer to apply before pear blossoms
In early spring, they manage with nitrogen substances of choice:
- 200 adult trees are watered with a solution in a bucket of water, 2 g of urea, and an apple tree is also possible;
- for the same number of plants bred in 10 liters full, with a slide, 1 tbsp. l. ammonium nitrate;
- 200 g of chicken manure insist 20-24 hours in 5 liters of water to fertilize one pear.
Infusions for top dressing are poured into grooves along the perimeter of the near-stem circle or onto the soil, with mandatory preliminary or subsequent watering. Fertilizers are scattered in the spring and in dry form, digging and then watering the ground. If there is constant rainfall, do without watering.
The beginning of spring, before bud break, is a convenient time to use iron sulphate for pears. Spraying the tree will protect against pests and diseases, as well as replenish iron reserves for the plant.
If this element is missing:
- leaves turn yellow or discolor;
- the annual increase is small;
- the tops of the shoots are dry;
- fruits become smaller every year;
- pear drops leaves early.
In March, from 100 to 500 g of iron sulfate are bred in a bucket of water. And if a tree is treated by leaves, only 10-50 g, because greenery burns are possible.
How to feed a pear during the flowering period
When the buds bloom, the pear is fed with the same substances as for the first time. You can repeat the identical nitrogen fertilizer or take another one from the list. The solution is also distributed along the grooves, followed by abundant watering. Granules do not insist for long, making sure that the mixture does not stand for more than 10-12 hours.
How to feed a pear for growth after flowering
The third top dressing in the spring in the phase of ovary formation is carried out using any complex fertilizers that are recommended by the distribution network for horticultural fruit crops. It can be the usual drugs, consisting of three elements – phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. Or modern developments with various additional minerals.
For example, the norm of nitroammophoska for 1 adult tree is up to 150 g. For fertilizer, 50 g of the product is diluted in a bucket of water. To fertilize one pear in the spring, at least 30 liters of infusion is required. In addition, the trunk circle is watered. Other complexes for top dressing in the spring are used, carefully studying the instructions for the drug.
Now is the right time to create green fertilizer from young juicy grass and grown weeds:
- the container is half or more filled with cut greens;
- add 1 tbsp. l. urea or humate according to the instructions – as a source of nitrogen, which will speed up fermentation;
- fill with water and cover;
- after 10-14 days, with the appearance of a persistent unpleasant smell of ammonia, the grass is taken out with a pitchfork, using for mulch in the garden or in the garden;
- the liquid is diluted with water 1:10 and poured 2-3 buckets under the pear, into grooves 8-10 cm deep, which are then buried.
Pear feeding rules
Mineral and organic fertilizers will benefit if they are used correctly in spring and summer:
- do not take nitrogen preparations for planting;
- root dressings are applied by digging the near-stem circle to a depth of 10 cm;
- use strictly recommended doses of funds without increasing;
- it is advisable not to mix more than two mono-fertilizers on your own; if necessary, it is better to buy balanced complexes.
After root and even foliar feeding, the pear is watered.
Foliar top dressing of pears in summer
In June, then 20 days later, in July, the pears are sprayed with fertilizers for good fruit ripening. Foliar top dressings act faster than those that are applied to the ground. Substances are immediately absorbed by the leaves and enter the vessels of the tree:
- in the second or third decade of June, the tree is sprayed with a solution of urea, as in spring, to support it with the growth of fruits;
- until July 10-15, top dressing is carried out with a solution of 5 g of potassium sulfate in 1 liter of water after 2 weeks – with a solution of superphosphate (30 g / l), according to the instructions;
- spring and summer are the time for foliar feeding of pears with magnesium with 200 g of magnesium sulfate dissolved in a bucket of water.
Gardeners’ recommendations
Every amateur gardener has his own little secrets of how, when and how to feed pears:
- for top dressing pears in August are added dropwise to 1 square. m along the perimeter of the near-stem circle, 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate and potassium sulfate, which is also called potassium sulfate;
- to prevent a lack of calcium, in the fall, when digging, 150 g of wood ash per 1 sq. m;
- EM preparations are actively used in gardens: humates, Baikal EM-1 and the like;
- in early spring, before the buds open, the trees are treated with a solution of 20 g of boric acid per bucket of water to preserve future ovaries;
- young barren trees are fed in spring with nitrogen preparations, and in autumn with phosphorus-potassium complexes.
Conclusion
Feeding pears in spring, summer and autumn means creating a solid foundation for a bountiful harvest. Means with nitrogen will help the tree develop, potassium and phosphorus – to form beautiful and healthy fruits. Timely application of the recommended doses of fertilizers will support the tree and will not negatively affect the nutritional properties of the fruit.