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Pregnancy is an effect of fertilization. Most people are unaware how complex and difficult the process is. By fertilization is meant the combination of female and male reproductive cells. Thanks to him, it is possible to have offspring. When is fertilization possible and how is in vitro fertilization performed?
Fertilization is not an easy process. It is not enough just an egg and a sperm cell, it also needs the right time and place to combine them. Fertilization usually occurs as a result of intercourse, but it is also possible through insemination or in vitro, i.e. in vitro fertilization.
Fertilization – symptoms
Fertilization does not cause any noticeable changes in a woman. The woman does not feel any discomfort. Only the beginning of pregnancy can bring about negative changes in well-being. Thus, the first pregnancy-related symptoms will not appear until after conception.
Fertilization – course
Fertilization is only possible at a certain time and place. During ovulation, the egg is released from the Graff’s follicle. The appendages of the fallopian tube catch it and slowly move it towards the uterus. During this journey, the egg is covered with a thin and transparent layer of follicular cells, i.e. radiant wreath.
Now the egg has 24 hours to fertilize. Sperm can survive in a woman’s body for up to 3 days. After ejaculation, sperm enters the posterior vaginal fornix. However, they can move freely around the uterus and fallopian tubes thanks to special switches.
When the sperm hits the egg, it fuses together within 24 hours and this is the fertilization process. However, it should be remembered that after conception, pregnancy may not always be considered. Pregnancy develops only when the resulting embryo enters the uterus and is implanted in the uterine mucosa, which usually takes about 72 hours.
Fertilization – when is it possible?
Fertilization can only take place in the period before ovulation, i.e. ovulation, and during the fertile days. In women who have a regular menstrual cycle (28 days), conception may occur between the 13th and the 15th day before the next period. The length of the moment of ovulation affects the likelihood of fertilization, as it does not always occur in the middle of the cycle, which often varies in length.
Fertile days can be calculated today using many different calculators. However, it is worth remembering that in many situations the fertile days may shift. Most often it happens because of:
- diseases;
- stressful situations;
- fatigue;
- physical effort;
- hormonal disorders;
- drinks of alcohol;
- taking specific medications;
- hemisphere or climate change;
- cold.
If we want to be sure when fertilization can take place, it is worth performing an ovulation test.
Are you wondering when exactly your fertile days are? You can consult your doctor if you have any doubts. Register now for an e-visit and talk to the gynecologist without leaving your home.
Fertilization – in vitro
In vitro fertilization is in vitro fertilization. These methods combine an egg and sperm outside the woman’s body in a laboratory. It is currently one of the methods of infertility treatment.
In vitro fertilization is used, for example, in the case of removal of the fallopian tubes, endometriosis or poor sperm quality.
It is also worth doing genetic tests to detect mutations or disorders responsible for immunological infertility in both women and men.
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