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Febra is a deadly disease that originates in tropical or subtropical countries. The infection is spread by a mosquito infected with a virus from the Flaviviridae group. Check to which countries, when planning a trip, you must remember about special vaccination.
Febra – characteristics and symptoms
Febra (lat. yellow fever) is a disease caused by a virus from the flavivirus group. The infection can take various stages, ranging from mild symptoms to severe symptoms, which can even be fatal. Febra is also called yellow fever because of the jaundice that accompanies the infection.
The fever virus is mainly transmitted by subtropical and tropical mosquitoes. These types of mosquitoes include, for example, the tiger mosquito as well as the Egyptian mosquito. There are two types of fever in Africa – East African fever and West African fever.
It also stands out three cycles of fever infection:
- urban cycle (infection most often transmitted by the Egyptian mosquito),
- forest cycle (mainly mosquito-borne fever African house found in Africa and the mosquito sabethes i hemagogue in South America),
- the savannah cycle (fever is mainly transmitted by the species mosquitoes aedes).
These cycles, as the name suggests, are determined by where the infection takes place.
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Febra – symptoms
In most cases, the disease is mild and symptoms include:
- chills,
- fever,
- Headache,
- muscle pain,
- photophobia,
- loss of appetite
- nausea,
- vomiting,
- weakening of the body.
Most often, symptoms last from 3 to 4 days. It is estimated that about 15% of patients go into the severe phase. Then the noticeable symptoms include:
- jaundice
- recurring fever
- stomach pain,
- hematuria,
- bleeding from the mouth or gastrointestinal tract
- kidney failure
- inflammation of the heart muscle and the brain.
Febra – vaccination
If you are going on vacation to Asia (Yemen), South America (French Guiana, Brazil) and Africa (e.g. Ghana, Congo, Mali, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Benin, Faso, Senegal, Togo, Zanzibar) – it is necessary before leaving there are additional vaccinations.
Appropriate vaccination with a vaccine registered in Poland He got old can be performed at Provincial Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations. The vaccine begins to protect people after 10 days, and its effectiveness is 10 years.
Despite specialized vaccinations and the development of laboratory techniques, there are still many deaths in people infected with the virus.
Febra – diagnosis and treatment
In order to diagnose the infection, a medical history should be taken and information on the patient’s travel determined, then appropriate laboratory tests may be recommended, for example: ELISA enzyme test – helping to recognize IgM antibodies (immunoglobulin m type), genetic method, e.g. PCR.
Currently, no drug has been invented that destroys the fever virus immediately. However, supportive therapy should be started, which mainly consists of: rest, adequate hydration, administration of antipyretic and analgesic drugs, treatments improving the functioning of the liver and kidneys.
World Health Organization (WHO) World Health Organization) due to serious epidemiological problems, has taken appropriate preventive measures, which are mainly based on vaccinating people living in fever endemic areas.
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