Contents
OBJECTIVE: to interest the child in the book, to initiate the tradition of reading in the family. Reading should become a pleasant activity, reading should become a regular activity.
The habit of reading should be formed from an early age.
What to do with this exercise?
Children 2 — 7 years old: read aloud to the child.
Children 7 — 12 years old: choose books. We read together. We are discussing.
Download lists of literature for children:
- Literature for children from 2,5-3 to 6-7 years old
- Literature for children from about 5-6 to 8-9 years old
- Literature for schoolchildren 7-11 years old
- List of literature for grade 3
What to do
1. Choose a good book (from the attached list or on your own). Choose what is currently interesting to your child. These can be fairy tales, thematic encyclopedias, books of a certain direction (for example, science fiction or stories about animals). Books for young children should contain high-quality illustrations.
2. Enter the reading ritual at a certain time (for example, before going to bed). Read aloud to young children. Children who already read well, but do not want to read, do not like, can also read aloud. If the book is interesting to the child at the moment, well illustrated — the child will be happy to spend time reading with you.
3. While reading, discuss. Express your opinion about what you read, comment, ask for his opinion, evaluate the actions of the characters. Thus, you teach your child to read thoughtfully, analyze the material. You have the opportunity to freely express your opinion on certain occasions, situations. And it’s just so much more interesting.)
4. Read as much as the child wants, or better — a little less. End at the most interesting place — this way you create a situation where the child will look forward to reading. Or maybe he will take up the book himself).
5. Make it a habit to buy books regularly. Some families have a tradition of buying books once every two weeks — the month when the child has read the previous one. A trip to the bookstore can be made an event: we walk between the shelves, open books, look at illustrations …
6. Create a children’s library at home. Let the child get used to the fact that he has his own corner with books, let him have the opportunity to always turn to them, choose, look through, re-read.
7. Pay attention to the books, not only art, but also developing, teaching.
8. I recommend this Diary of a Young Reader for younger students.
Extra charges:
If reading is customary in your family, if you have already mastered this exercise, let’s Let’s go further. Read works are good to beat. With small children, you can use toys, puppet theater characters, sculpt and draw characters and play out a fairy tale (right on the table, no need to complicate). With older children, you can «pretend» this or that hero and «live» certain situations or imagine how the hero would behave in ordinary life. You can become Mowgli, Carlson, Princess). The meaning here is not so much in the development of acting skills, but in the ability to get used to the Other, to expand your boundaries of perception. How do you live in this image? What can you learn from this hero? And what, in your opinion, is wrong in his behavior and character? In the game, you can «mirror» some negative traits that are inherent in your child. For example, if the mother is a Capricious Princess, and the daughter is her mother or girlfriend. How will communication develop?
With the help of an interesting book, you can «pull» the child to the classes you need. For example, if a student does not like mathematics, we take a fascinating book and read about the Babylonian account, ciphers and number systems.
Directly at the meetings, we will discuss what books your child needs at the moment. A well-chosen book can help work through some problematic situation, have an educational effect, show the child some guidelines. For example, «Tales about Masha and Oika» tell little children how to behave, Anderson’s tales are complex metaphorical works that are applicable to many teenage tasks («The Ugly Duckling», «The King’s New Dress», «Linen» and others).
application
List of literature for children of preschool and primary school age
Listening to a fairy tale or a book, watching a cartoon or a performance, the child unconsciously identifies himself with their heroes and, empathizing with the hero, lives with him all the events that are being narrated. If such empathy does not occur, the book or film passes by the child, leaving no trace in his soul. Therefore, when choosing books and films for a baby, it is important to pay attention first of all to what their characters are like (what they aspire to, how they act, what kind of relationship they enter into with other characters), and how vividly, interestingly and talentedly they are depicted. (otherwise empathy will not arise).
The baby begins to understand human speech even before he learns to speak himself. It is easiest for him to understand the situational-everyday speech of adults, included in a directly perceived situation. In this case, the situation itself helps the baby: he sees what adults are talking about.
Perception of an oral story is a more complex skill, because in the current situation there is nothing that is present in the story. Therefore, the child must be taught to perceive the story — and his ability to understand books and fairy tales develops when you tell or read to him. Pictures are a huge help. As the baby grows, the range of stories available to him gradually expands — but only if you read and tell him enough. Therefore, the age boundaries of each stage of the perception of stories are rather blurred. If you tell and read a lot to your son or daughter, focus on the lower limit of each age step (see below), if not enough — on the upper one.
Stories for the little ones (for children from about 1,5-2 to 3-4 years old)
“Turnip”, “Kurochka-Ryaba”, “Teremok”, “Gingerbread Man” — all these tales can be told to a child from the age of one and a half to two years, showing him pictures and looking at them with him. To them you can add Russian folk rhymes, poems by Agnia Barto for kids (“A bull is walking, swinging …”, “Our Tanya is crying bitterly …” and others), “Chicken” by Korney Chukovsky and “Chicken and duckling” by Vladimir Suteev.
These are very short stories, either describing a single event (the Ryaba Hen laid a golden egg, Tanya dropped a ball into the river, etc.), or lined up as a chain of the same type of episodes (first one grandfather pulls the turnip, then the grandfather along with the grandmother, and so on). Further). They are told in simple sentences, they have a lot of repetition and rhymes, and a relatively small vocabulary is enough to understand them. Many of them are, as it were, transitional forms from nursery rhymes (such as “The magpie-crow cooked porridge …”) to fairy tales.
As a rule, young children enjoy listening to these fairy tales and poems many times. When the kid already knows this or that fairy tale well enough, invite him to tell it himself, using pictures and relying on your help. If the kid likes to listen to fairy tales and poems from the first section, try to gradually add a few books from the second section (but always with pictures).
For very young children (one and a half, two and even three years old), it is best not to read these fairy tales, but to tell them by showing them pictures and looking at them together. It is always easier for a kid to perceive text based on pictures, therefore, when telling or reading the first fairy tales and poems to him, be sure to show him all the characters in the pictures and look at the pictures with him.
Note: if you can find a slide projector and filmstrips with these tales, be sure to show them to your baby — filmstrips are much better perceived than cartoons, they make your eyes less tired, and they help you understand the text (rather than replacing it with action, as happens in cartoons) .
It is very important for the kid that the story ends well. A good ending gives him a sense of the security of the world, while a bad (including realistic) ending gives rise to all sorts of fears. Therefore, «Teremok» is better to tell in the version when, after the teremok fell apart, the animals built a new one, even better than the previous one. With a good ending, it is worth initially telling “Gingerbread Man” — for example, having figured out how Gingerbread Man at the last moment managed to outwit the Fox and run away from her.
If you talk and play a lot with the baby and start telling and reading fairy tales to him early, then at two and a half or three years old you can move on to the books of the next section. However, children with whom they talk little and to whom they tell and read fairy tales little can “grow up” to the books of the next section only by the age of five or six, or even later, especially if they watch TV a lot and are not used to listening to the story.
Stories are a little more complicated (for children from about 2,5-3 to 6-7 years old)
On the second «step of complexity» you can put numerous books by Vladimir Suteev («Under the Mushroom», «The Magic Wand», «Apple» and others), many poetic tales by Korney Chukovsky («Telephone», «Fedorino’s grief», «Moidodyr», «Aibolit»), Samuil Marshak’s poems («Mustache-striped», «Where did you dine, sparrow?», «That’s how absent-minded» and others), as well as his translations of children’s English rhymes (for example, «Gloves», «Visiting Queen», «Ship», «Humpty Dumpty»). This also includes folk tales about animals (“Tails”, “Cat and Fox”, “Fox with a rolling pin”, “Zayushkina hut” and others), fables by Sergei Mikhalkov (“Who wins?”, “Helpful Hare”, “Friends in campaign») and many other stories.
Note: some of the fairy tales by K. Chukovsky are scary enough for kids, and it is better to read them no earlier than five or six years old — they are included in section 3.
These stories are already a bit longer; as a rule, they consist of several separate episodes connected in meaning. The relationship of their heroes becomes a little more complex, the dialogues become more complicated; to understand these stories, the baby needs a larger vocabulary.
A good ending and the absence of too scary events (even if they end well) are still important. Therefore, acquaintance with most fairy tales is better to postpone at least six or seven years. Even «Little Red Riding Hood» often scares young children. Children who begin to tell or read fairy tales early (at four or five years old), at best, then simply do not like them, at worst, they may develop all sorts of fears and nightmares. So if you read a lot to your baby and he quickly mastered this section, choose from the books in the next section those where nothing terrible happens — for example, Nosov’s stories, Nikolai Gribachev’s stories about the hare Koska and his friends, or Astrid Lindgren’s stories.
If you talk and play a lot with the baby and start telling him stories and reading books early enough, then the stories of this section will be most interesting to him at the age of three or four, and at the age of five he will be able to supplement them with books of the next section. The child will be willing to listen and read the stories he loves and later, with pleasure again and again living the situations in which his favorite characters find themselves.
And when starting to read independently (whether at five, six, seven or even eight years old), the child should return to the fairy tales and stories of this section again — they are short and simple, they are accompanied by numerous bright pictures that help overcome the difficulties of independent reading. It is also better to start learning to retell using fairly simple texts, so some of the stories in this section are often included in textbooks and anthologies for reading for elementary school.
If a child watches TV and videos a lot and listens to fairy tales and books a little, it may be difficult for him to perceive the stories of this section at four or five years old (not counting, of course, the cartoons based on them). In this case, you can stay on the books in this section for up to six or seven years, gradually adding fairy tales and stories of the next level to them.