Enzymes (Greek en zýme, which means ‘in the leaven’), sometimes also called biocatalysts, are natural substances produced by cells (simple and complex proteins with biological properties of catalysts) that regulate the course of life processes in living organisms. Enzymes do many things, including digestion by breaking down complex molecules such as carbohydrates, sugars and fats into simpler elements. Enzymes are involved in the processes of growth, metabolism, food use, fighting threats (e.g. free radicals) and others.
Enzymes are located in various places, for example in the duodenum and small intestine, where trypsin and amylase are found, pepsin is found in gastric juice, and pythialine is found in saliva.
Enzymes are also used in industry to conduct various types of fermentation, while in medicine they are used as drugs (pepsin, streptokinase).
Enzymes – structure
The enzyme is composed either of the protein itself or of two parts: protein (apoenzyme) and non-protein (coenzyme also called co-ferment, which includes vitamins, Cu, Zn, Fe metal atoms). In a cell, enzymes occur singly or form multiple enzyme systems (e.g. pyruvate oxidase system). Each tissue has a slightly different set of enzymes, while each enzyme catalyzes only one reaction or one type of reaction. Many enzymes are synthesized in an inactive form (proenzyme) that is activated as needed.
Enzymes – Action
The action of the enzyme is based on the attachment of an appropriate substrate to the active site, which is made up of a specific sequence of amino acids. For such a connection to take place, certain conditions must be met. The presence of activators is necessary, but there can be no inhibitors, appropriate pH and temperature, which should be 37-40 degrees C.
Enzymes accelerate reactions that are thermodynamically possible, while lowering the activation energy. An important moment is the creation of a transitional connection of the substrate with the enzyme, the so-called ES connection, in which some bonds are loosened. This process is accompanied by the activation of the substrate and an increase in the ease of reacting. The ES connection occurs only in the center of the active part of the enzyme. Two-, three- and four-order structures give the enzymes important properties. The spatial arrangement of the substrate in relation to the active center allows free movement of electrons within the substrate. The active center is matched by changing the confirmation for a given substrate configuration.
Digestive enzymes can be found in the composition of the Life Drink Terranova supplement, which you can buy on Medonet Market at a promotional price, and the Digestive Aid Formula – Viridian digestive enzymes, which is available in packages of 30 or 150 capsules. We also recommend the preparation Berries – a super-mixture of Terranova, which combines the magnifood complex, a mixture of microflora and digestive enzymes, as well as freeze-dried fruit. The measure of the product can be mixed with fruit, milk, drink or yoghurt.
Enzymes – classification
The basis for the classification of enzymes, which was introduced in 1961 by the Enzyme Committee of the International Biochemical Union, is a type of catalyzed reaction. Consequently, the following reactions are distinguished:
- redox (oxidoreductases),
- transfer of various chemical groups (transferases),
- hydrolysis (hydrolases),
- non-hydrolytic cleavage of various chemical groups (lyases),
- isomerization, i.e. intramolecular rearrangement (isomerase),
- creation of various bonds at the expense of high-energy binding of nucleoside triphosphates, e.g. ATP, GTP (ligases, i.e. synthetases).
Order Digestive Enzymes – YANGO dietary supplement today at Medonet Market.
The content of the medTvoiLokony website is intended to improve, not replace, the contact between the Website User and their doctor. The website is intended for informational and educational purposes only. Before following the specialist knowledge, in particular medical advice, contained on our Website, you must consult a doctor. The Administrator does not bear any consequences resulting from the use of information contained on the Website.