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Sheet building materials are used in many types of construction work, which are commonly called “dry”. One of these materials is the DSP board. This is a durable material that can be used in the construction of frame houses and outbuildings, for interior and exterior finishing work.
What is a DSP board
Cement particle board (DSP) is a leafy building material made from high-quality cement (Portland cement) mixed with thin long wood chips (according to GOST 26816, chip thickness is 0,2-0,3 mm, length is from 10 mm to 30 mm) . Aluminum sulfate and liquid glass are added to the composition. When kneading, water is added (about 8% of the total mass). The resulting substance is molded in the form of plates, pressed.
Some manufacturers of DSP boards are made from several layers. They separately knead compositions with smaller and larger chips. A mixture with large chips is used for the inner layers, giving greater strength. Outer layers are formed from the composition with finer chips, which makes its surface smoother. The folded “pie” enters the press, resulting in the formation of a monolithic DSP slab with improved characteristics.
It is also worth mentioning that there are polished and unpolished DSP boards. Sanded can be used for interior or exterior decoration in those works, after which finishing work can immediately follow. There are also DSP finishing slabs, on one of the surfaces of which a finishing layer is formed in the form of stone or brickwork, decorative plaster, etc.
Application area
DSP is mainly used in dry mounting technologies. They are good for the construction of frame houses, as they do not emit harmful substances, have high strength, low combustibility, emit a small amount of smoke during a fire, and do not spread fire. Having high mechanical strength, they increase the rigidity of frame structures. All this makes frame houses sheathed with DSP safer and more reliable.
Objects to use DSP
Листовой ЦСП может применяться при строительстве следующих объектов:
- Frame houses up to 3 floors inclusive.
- Industrial, office buildings.
- Гостиничные комплексы.
- Kindergartens, schools.
- Medical institutions.
- Sport halls.
- Склады, ангары.
Disadvantage: DSP slab has a significant mass (several times heavier than OSB), which increases the requirements for the foundation. Solid weight also becomes a problem when climbing to the second floor – you need helpers and scaffolding or lifting equipment (at least a winch). Another disadvantage of DSP is its low resistance to bending loads. This limits their scope – they are placed on the base, in places with a small bending load, or must be mounted vertically.
Resistance to weathering and high humidity, fungi and bacterial infections, allows the use of cement-bonded particle boards in the construction of outbuildings: sheds, outdoor toilets, cellar garages.
For finishing exterior and interior works
Another area of application of cement particle boards is the leveling of floors and walls. Compared to other materials, the DSP board has the best soundproofing characteristics, is not affected by fungi, and is well tolerated by climatic influences. Therefore, they are often used to create ventilated facades.
For interior decoration, DSP boards can be used for the following works:
- Звукоизолированные и огнестойкие перегородки и стены.
- Interior lining of premises for any purpose (residential and non-residential, including those with high humidity).
- Window sills.
- Draft floor.
- Ceilings.
The positive point is that there are cement-bonded particle boards, polished and unpolished. Polished have an absolutely smooth surface. When using them, you can only seal the seams and then paint, wallpaper, use other finishing methods.
Characteristics and properties
DSP slab is a relatively new material, not yet widely used in private construction. All because not everyone understands how he behaves in the long run. To understand whether it is good or not for your purposes, you need to know about all the properties.
Density and Mass
Density of DSP is 1100-1400 kg/m³. High density gives frame structures an increased level of rigidity. If this material is used for interior decoration, such walls have sufficient load-bearing capacity to hold shelves, cabinets and other fairly heavy items.
The material is quite thick and heavy. One sheet with a height of 2700 mm – depending on the thickness – weighs from 37 kg to 164 kg. This makes the lining of the second floor and above inconvenient. This can be considered a disadvantage.
Тепловое и влажностное расширение
For construction, such a characteristic as linear expansion with changes in humidity and temperature is also important. For the DSP board, it is present, but it is small. When the plates are located one next to the other, it is recommended to leave a gap of 2-3 mm between them. When installing the second row (in height), the recommended gap is 8-10 mm.
- Normal humidity at the sale is 9% (±3%).
- Невысокое водопоглощение позволяет использовать этот тип материала для наружной отделки, для обшивки стен в помещении с повышенной влажностью. При нахождении в воде в течение 24 часов предел увеличения толщины — не более 1,5%. То есть, при намокании они почти не меняют размеры.
Что еще стоит знать: при погружении в воду размеры меняются незначительно — 2% по толщине и 3% по длине. Если материал сделан согласно технологии, то даже при длительном нахождении на улице под открытым небом, он годами не меняется.
Strength indicators and installation features
Cement particle boards do not tolerate bending deformations well, but have very high strength under longitudinal loads. Therefore, they are used for mounting on vertical surfaces. Manufacturers do not recommend putting them on logs, but when laying on a subfloor or a rough screed, the material behaves stably. Since the DSP plate is not afraid of water ingress, it can be laid on the floor in rooms with high humidity.
Elastic modulus:
- при сжатии и изгибе 2500 МПа;
- на растяжение — 3000 МПа;
- in shear — 1200 MPa.
If the DSP is mounted on a frame, a crate is required with a step of at least 60 cm. During installation, fasteners are installed in increments of 20 cm. We install self-tapping screws not only along the perimeter, but also along the intermediate rivers of the crate. In this case, tiles can be glued onto the DSP board (primer, after it dries, tiles can be laid without adhesive composition).
Fire and frost resistance
The DSP plate belongs to slow-burning materials; fire does not spread over the surface; toxic or harmful gases are not emitted during combustion. Fire resistance limit (ability to contain fire) – 50 min. This means that the material will break down after 50 minutes of exposure to fire.
High frost resistance – a decrease in strength after 50 freeze / thaw cycles is not more than 10%, which allows the material to be used for building houses even in the Far North. The service life of this material on the street is 50 years.
It is these properties that make DSP a more preferred material in frame housing construction. The structure is more reliable in terms of fire safety.
Soundproofing properties
The DSP plate has good soundproofing characteristics and can be used for sheathing exterior or interior walls:
- reduction in the level of airborne noise for a plate with a thickness of 10 mm – about 30 dB, for 12 mm – 31 dB;
- reduction in the level of impact noise for slabs laid on reinforced concrete floors – with a thickness of 20 mm is 16 dB, with a thickness of 24 mm – 17 dB;
When using additional intermediate layers, impact noise becomes quieter by another 9-10 dB. That is, frame walls sheathed with DSP boards retain enough sounds to keep the house quiet.
The best combination is a combination of cement particle board and mineral wool. Mineral wool also serves as a heater, because due to the uniformity of the CBPB it has a small thermal resistance (it is not a heat-insulating material).
Performance specifications
DSP boards are characterized by high vapor permeability – 0,03 – 0,23 mg / (m h Pa). This is about the same level as natural wood. With the right selection of the wall sheathing cake, the humidity in the rooms will be regulated naturally.
In addition, the DSP board has a high resistance to decay. This happens due to the natural process of formation of calcium hydroxide, which is formed when cement is converted into concrete and alkalizes the material so that it becomes an unfavorable habitat for fungi, insects and putrefactive bacteria.
Dimensions and weight
При закупке материалов для строительных и отделочных работ важны такие характеристики как размеры и масса материала. Листы ЦСП выпускаются двух размеров: при ширине 1250 мм длина может быть 2700 или 3200 мм. При этом толщина плит ЦСП может быть 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36 мм.
It is clear that the thicker the plate, the greater its mass. Approximate weight values are given in the table (different manufacturers may have deviations both in the direction of increasing and decreasing in weight).
You may also need the following settings:
- area of one sheet:
- 1250*2700 — 3,375 м²;
- 1250*3200 — 4,0 м²;
- the weight of a cubic meter of CSP is 1300-1400 kg.
Лист ЦСП представляет собой однородный монолитный материал без воздушных вкраплений, что объясняет высокую теплопроводность материала. Это надо учитывать при разработке пирога утепления. Материал хорошо клеится с древесиной, полимерами и металлом, так что при строительных работах он удобен.
Mounting methods
The DSP board can be fastened with nails or self-tapping screws. When mounted on a frame, the boards must be mounted strictly vertical.
Для крепления цементно-стружечных плит можно использовать:
- Galvanized screw nails with a diameter of 2,5 mm. The length is selected depending on the thickness of the sheet and the entire cake. The pinched part of the nail must be at least twice the plate thickness, but not less than 10 nail diameters.
- Screw and self-tapping screws with pre-drilling holes for the heads. The length is chosen according to the same principle.
При монтаже плит ЦСП необходимо строго следить за количеством и порядком установки крепежа: материал имеет большую массу, так что крепеж надо устанавливать не менее рекомендованных величин. Расстояние между гвоздями или саморезами зависит от толщины плиты и указано в таблице.
Each sheet of cement-bonded particle board is fixed along the perimeter, retreating a certain distance from the edge of the sheet. The installation frequency along the long and short sides of the sheet is the same, but depends on the thickness of the material. In addition, there is also an intermediate mount – in the middle of the height. Here the frequency of installing screws or nails is two times less than along the perimeter.
Processing and finishing methods
Despite the fact that cement particle board is much stronger than chipboard, it is processed with the same tools: a milling cutter, a saw, and a jigsaw. The difference is that you need to use more durable files.
For drilling, the use of a drill with a hard tip is recommended. You can use both a manual and electric drill. Grinding this material is not recommended, since this work removes the top layer, which increases water absorption. But when docking, sometimes it becomes necessary to equalize the height. In this case, any type of grinder can be used. The recommended sandpaper grit is #16-25.
Please note that in order for the seams between the plates not to crack, the seam must be at least 4 mm in the inner section, and not less than 8 mm in the outer section. The distance is large, it can be closed with special rails (usually used for exterior decoration) or with an elastic band or sealant.
As a finish, the DSP board can be painted or covered with plaster. When exterior finishing, the joints between the plates are often simply painted over, leaving them unsealed. Another option is to use an aluminum profile lining that emphasizes the seams. You can also close the seam with a strip.
For interior decoration, the seam is filled with a sealant, which, after drying, retains elasticity. After that, you can plaster. The second option is to lay a special elastic cord, on top of which elastic plaster is again applied.