Do women make men better?

According to research, women make men softer, more generous and forgiving of others.

Studies show that beloved women, as well as all female family members, including daughters, are able to make men more attentive and generous to others. What is the secret of such a metamorphosis?

“Imagine that you are the CEO of a large company. Can reasons beyond the business cause you to raise the salaries of your employees? asks an unexpected question from Wharton School of Business psychologist and professor Adam Grant. The answer is unexpected. Yes, there is a high probability of this if you are the father of a daughter. Psychologists Michael Dahl, Christian Dezso, and David Gaddis Ross have compared how Danish employees’ earnings growth from 1996 to 2006 depends on family changes in their management’s lives. It turned out that male managers after the birth of their children were generally reluctant to increase the salaries of their employees. “However, the birth of a girl, as a rule, was less of a drag on the financial well-being of hired workers,” Grant notes. “Moreover, the birth of a big boss’s first daughter melted his heart and most often led to an increase in bonuses and salaries.” After the birth of children, regardless of their gender, the leaders, as a rule, always raised their own salaries. At the same time, if a boy was born, their appetites were higher, and at the birth of a daughter, they, rewarding themselves, showed great modesty *.

The presence of a daughter in the family even affects the results of national votes. A study by Andrew Oswald and Nattavudh Powdthavee found that British voters are more likely to be more left-leaning and vote for candidates who advocate social values ​​of equality if they have daughters. On the contrary, they manifest themselves to a greater extent as conservatives, becoming the parents of sons**.

Similar results are shown by studies conducted in the United States ***. Not only daughters, but also other female family members make us all, including men, more tolerant and attentive to people. Psychologist Paul Van Lange conducted an experiment in which participants, when playing board games, chose either options that met their own interests, or also took into account the interests of a game partner when choosing. It turned out that almost half of the selfless players had sisters. Van Lang’s previous research has also shown that the more sisters a father has, the more time he spends with his children. The researchers believe that the example of empathic, caring behavior, which sisters often demonstrate, unconsciously persuaded their brothers to do the same. “It is possible that the boys who have a sister turned on the natural impulse of the protector and patron, which was fixed in their subsequent life behavior and extended to other people,” says Professor Van Lang. “Women’s identity is built on likeness, because a woman is always thinking about something else,” says Jungian analyst Lev Khegai. ‒ She is a conformal and collective being, besides, nature programs her to think about the unborn child. Male identity is built on excellence – it is important for a man not to be like everyone else. Hence the great selfishness, pronounced individuality, aggressiveness, activity in experiments. And in families with sisters, boys are more likely to adopt female values ​​and suppress male ones. The more women in the family, the more likely it is that a man will be “castrated” by them.

Many men who are actively involved in philanthropy admit that their wives have become an incentive for them. Twenty years ago, when Bill Gates was just starting to build his empire, he rejected an offer to create a charitable foundation. At that time, he announced that he intended to wait at least fifteen years before starting any assistance programs, but he abruptly changed his intentions the very next year. And three years later, Mr. Gates was listed as the third most active philanthropist in America by Fortune magazine. What was the cause of this metamorphosis? During these years he married and had his first child. Girl. Gates himself openly admits that the two people closest to him – mother Mary and wife Melinda – were the catalysts for such a sharp turn in his interests. Mary gave a speech at her son’s wedding. “The main thing in it was a reminiscence from Voltaire, where it was said that great power implies equally great responsibility: from the one to whom much is given, much is expected,” the Microsoft founder recalls, adding that this was an important motherly parting word for him. No less actively influenced the charitable initiatives of her husband and Melinda, who not only takes part in their common projects, but also founded her own foundation – Giving Pledge.

Women start and… win

Obviously, femininity in the modern world has a stronger influence on men than masculinity. In part, it is psychologically beneficial for men to succumb to the influence of the female subculture. “In today’s highly urbanized culture, professing liberalism and consumerism, traditional masculine qualities are not in demand,” says Lev Khegay. ‒ Hard physical labor and aggressiveness required for a farmer and a warrior are no longer relevant. Success is determined, rather, by flexibility, creativity, emotional expressiveness (image) and communication skills – that is, qualities that are more inherent in female nature. It is not surprising that the role of women in all spheres has increased, and men, deprived of traditionally male occupations, are rapidly becoming feminized. It is no coincidence that daughters in a symbolic competition for the degree of influence on their father “defeat” sons. In ancient, traditionally agrarian societies, boys were perceived as a workforce, protectors and heirs, and were preferred. In modern Western society, the situation is the opposite. “Society encourages the early separation of young men from the family and the opposition of their interests to the values ​​of their fathers in an attempt to express their own individuality,” says Lev Khegay. “Therefore, fathers have more problems with boys. Girls are now also perceived as a labor resource, and even more reliable. They are more expected to support in old age, as they are aimed at maintaining relationships and conservative values. Perhaps this is also why fathers associate the birth of a girl with well-being and security, which allows them to relax and “be kinder”.

Is it good for men to be generous?

A comparative analysis of male and female altruism shows that the manifestation of generosity on the part of a man usually meets with great gratitude and support from the environment. Women’s good deeds are taken for granted and do not cause that pleasant surprise that an unexpectedly generous act of a man gives us ****. This, it would seem, allows us to say that generosity is more profitable for men. “In reality, the situation is somewhat more complicated,” says Adam Grant. “Men who are judged at work as being too reliable and kind are less likely to get promotions and pay raises. They are loved by the environment, but in large corporations they earn 14% less compared to their more self-centered counterparts. In the same situation, women who, by all accounts, have a good heart, earn only 5% less than the rest. Thus, an over-emphasis on traits associated with feminine nature can, in some circumstances, hurt a man.” Does this mean that the position of altruism, in addition to possible moral encouragement from others, does not bring any practical benefit to the person himself? It is not always so. A study of the work of a group of veterinarians showed that women, unlike their male counterparts, were more compassionate and entered into the position of animal owners, charging them less money. At the same time, they did not lose in their income, as they gained loyal and devoted customers. This balance of accomplishment and caring for others led them to be more financially successful than male veterinarians*****. Not surprisingly, men, when competing with women, are also sometimes forced to be more flexible and understanding. “Certainly, the problem of changing male values ​​under the influence of women is a dual one,” Grant notes. – Acquiring the best features of a woman’s nature, a man sometimes loses important qualities of his identification. Finding a difficult balance between the desire for achievements, which requires a certain rigidity and pressure, and the ability to hear and feel one’s neighbor, which is necessary for an organic existence in the world, is the inner challenge that a modern man is forced to accept today.

*asq.sagepub.com/content/57/4/669.abstract

** «The Review of Economics and Statistics», 2010, May; mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/rest.2010.11436

*** «The American Economic Review», 2008, March;jstor.org/discover/10.2307/29729973?uid=3739864&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21102225514851

**** «Journal of Applied Psychology», 2005, May; psycnet.apa.org/journals/apl/90/3/431

***** «Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes», 2009, May; sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749597808001234

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