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Immediately after the construction of the house, and sometimes “before” the question arises with parking. It is not always possible to build a major garage, but putting a roof on poles – a canopy – is already easier and cheaper. The carport can be a freestanding structure. Then it is placed in the yard, as a rule, not far from the entrance gate or garage. The second option is attached to the house, when one or more sides of the roof rests on the wall of the building. In terms of functionality, both options are equivalent, just everyone chooses based on personal requirements and preferences.
dimensions
Since the dimensions of cars can vary greatly, in each case the optimal dimensions are determined depending on the available car.
The height is usually around 2,5 meters. This is more than enough even for an SUV with a loaded trunk. And to determine the length and width of the canopy, at least a meter is added to the external dimensions of the machine. Agree, it is quite enough if there is a distance of half a meter to the pillars.
But to protect against precipitation, it is better to make the roof overhangs longer: they will also close from oblique rain and snow.
When determining the size of the canopy for two cars, the distance between the rear-view mirrors is taken to be 50 cm. The same amount is considered to the pillars. And the length of the canopy is determined by the longest car.
Frame materials
Basically, wood is used for supports – a beam or a log, a metal pipe of a round or rectangular section. Sometimes the supporting columns are made of brick or stone. They are more massive, attract more attention, therefore they must fit into the style of the building that is nearby.
There are other options when the bottom of the support column is made of brick, and the top is made of wood or metal. And in this case, everything is determined by the style of the house and the site. You should not make brick supports if there are restrictions on the size of the site: they are quite massive and take up a decent amount of space.
All materials (except bricks) are processed before use. Wood is necessarily covered with flame retardants (reducing the combustibility of the material). Then it is impregnated with compounds that will protect it from damage by woodworms, as well as from all weather conditions.
Particular attention should be paid to the processing of wood, which will be buried in the ground. It can be impregnated with special compounds for wood in contact with the ground (for example, Senezh Ultra and its analogues). Impregnation showed itself well in working out. The ends of the poles that will be buried are immersed in a container with working off for a couple of days. After drying, they can be used without additional measures. 10 years is enough.
The second option is to pour a concrete pillar into the ground, and mount a mortgage plate, shoe or hairpin into it, to which a wooden beam is then attached.
Metal poles are cleaned of rust, covered with a primer. After welding, the seams are additionally processed and everything is covered with paint in two layers. The second is applied after the first coat of paint has dried to a “tack-free” state.
Roof types (with drawings and dimensions)
The most economical and simplest is a shed roof. Usually it is used if the carport is attached to the house: this is the easiest way to organize a normal connection to the wall.
They make a shed roof for free-standing canopies. In regions with little snowy winters, it is possible to make a roof without a slope, in those where there is a lot of snow, a slope of at least 8-10 ° is required. In this case, the lower side is made from the south or east: so that there is more shade. Also in this case, on the south side, you can sew up the canopy on the side (or plant tall plants there).
If a canopy is made of polycarbonate, then the roof is vaulted. It is also optimal in terms of precipitation and is easily implemented due to the flexibility of this material.
A more complex gable roof. If made of metal, it has a relatively simple structure.
In the case of a wooden canopy under a gable roof, the system is multicomponent.
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Roofing material
If the carport is attached to the house, it makes sense to make its roof from the same material. Under soft types of roofs (flexible tiles, ondulin, etc.) a solid crate is required, for hard ones – sparse, and the step is chosen depending on wind and snow loads in the region, also focusing on the recommendations of roofing material manufacturers.
If complete shading is not required, polycarbonate can be used. By the way, it is the most popular material in recent times. It is only necessary to choose it correctly: take a multi-chamber one, which has at least three layers of plastic and two rows of cells. Under such a canopy made of polycarbonate, even on a sunny day, it is not hot.
Also, the degree of heating depends on the color. See the technical specifications and choose the one with more sunlight absorption. Transparent ones are needed for greenhouses to warm plants. For canopies, on the contrary, you need polycarbonate with low light transmission.
How to lay out a platform
The easiest and most inexpensive way to make a platform under a carport is to fill it with gravel. To do this, it will be necessary to remove the sod, dig in the curb, pour rubble and compact it well using tamping platforms. Then the platform will be rigid and ruts will not form.
Recently, sites paved with paving slabs or paving stones are more popular. They have a more attractive appearance, but their device is more expensive. Preparation also begins: first, the soil is removed. But the pit is made with a depth of about 20-25 cm. Crushed stone is poured into the bottom, which is also well rammed. Then it is desirable to spread a layer of geotextile on the rubble. This is a non-woven material that will prevent the sand that will be poured from above from waking up and mixing with gravel. Also, geotextiles redistribute the load more evenly, preventing the base from sinking under the wheels of a car (it is used in road construction). A layer of sand is already poured on it, which is also rammed. Paving slabs, clinker bricks, cobblestones and other similar materials are laid in the sand.
In the middle in terms of costs is a concrete platform. The base is also prepared from rammed rubble. Wooden planks are laid on it at a distance of 1 m, which are set to a level or with a slight slope to drain water. These strips serve as beacons during pouring, and then play the role of damper joints, compensating for the thermal expansion of concrete. With this structure, cracks appear less often.
A metal mesh of galvanized wire is laid between the planks. You can, of course, stainless steel, but it is expensive. The thickness of the wire is 3-4 mm, the cell is 10 * 10 cm. Concrete is poured from above at least M 250. The thickness of the concrete layer is 7-10 cm.
Do-it-yourself canopy attached to the house (photo report)
It was decided to attach a shed to the house, under which to hide your favorite equipment – a car and a boat. First, with the help of a motor drill, they dug holes 1,5 m deep – below the freezing depth.
We inserted sleeves from waterproofing, a frame made of 10 mm bar with welded mortgages, poured concrete.
The installation step of the pillars is 2 meters.
When the concrete had set, the poles and the top trim were installed. They are sanded and treated with protective impregnation. To prevent the frame from moving, they fixed it with what it was – aluminum corners. The junction of the racks and strapping was reinforced with metal plates.
A support board was nailed to the wall of the house. Roof beams were attached to it (board 50-200 cm). The slope turned out to be small, about 9 °, but it is enough. Small cuts were made in the beams to fit the size of the beam – for emphasis, the edges were cut off to get an even overhang.
The beams were attached to the strapping with nails obliquely, 2 pieces on each side.
The beams on the wall are fixed on U-shaped metal plates.
The rafter system is assembled – the beams were installed with a small step – 40 cm, they were made from a board 50 * 200 mm.
OSB was attached to the rafters on top. Roofing material – soft tiles. Underneath it needs a solid crate.
A board was nailed on the side between the posts: for greater rigidity and so that the rain would less wet the site.
Laid soft tiles. It turned out – at least dance.
Now there’s competition in the parking lot.
How to make a canopy for polycarbonate (photo report)
Used materials:
- trumpet
- for racks 80*80 14,6 m;
- for arches 50 * 25 – 4 pcs. 6 m + 50 * 25 – 10 pcs. 6 m each for spacers;
- sand concrete – 3 bags of 40 kg.
- crushed stone – 4 bags of 25 kg.
- suryk – 3 cans of 1 l.
The canopy was made over the already finished track. The pillars were buried in the gap between the curb and the fence. It turned out that the supports of the canopy were placed near the fence posts. It was decided to use them when setting the level: they attached them with anchors so as not to suffer when pouring.
The metal pillars of the racks were dug into the ground at a depth of 1,2 m, covered with crushed stone, and poured with concrete. When the concrete had set, the top trim was welded on.
After that, the production of farms began. First, profiles with the required radius were bent on a pipe bender (rise at the highest point 1,2 m). After the assembly of the “designer” began.
Clamps were useful, they fastened parts so that they would not move during work. Fixed to the first farm, so that everything was done exactly. There were a lot of clamps
When all the trusses were ready, they were cleaned, sanded to white metal, then primed and painted twice. Then the acrobatics began. It is necessary to install heavy trusses on poles, set them vertically, without knocking down the diagonal.
As soon as it was possible to set it correctly, they quickly grabbed it by welding, leaving a thorough welding of the seams “for later”, after the final check: everything should be on the same level.
A miracle happened, everything turned out to be almost on the same level. A small difference of a few millimeters is not taken into account.
Now we weld a crate from a 50 * 25 mm profile pipe for polycarbonate. we place them along the long side of the canopy. The installation step is 0,8 m.
It remains to attach polycarbonate. It is attached to self-tapping screws through special thermal washers (sold in the same place as polycarbonate). Two sheets are connected using special profiles. They are detachable and non-detachable. One-piece ones are cheaper, but then you can’t do anything else from this polycarbonate. So we used detachable ones.
It is also necessary to close the edges of all sheets, otherwise dust, midges will fill inside, then moisture will appear due to evaporation, followed by mold. And the view of the coating will be deplorable. Therefore, we install special plugs on the edges.