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Hardened vegetable growers have had to deal with tomato disease more than once. Occasionally, weather conditions are to blame for the appearance of the disease. However, as practice shows, most often the culture suffers from the mistakes made by the gardeners themselves. Usually serious ailments end in the death of a culture. But some diseases of tomato seedlings are treatable if the necessary measures are taken in time.
Causes and methods of curing culture at home
In many forums, the most common questions are how to save tomato seedlings from death, because the work of a whole month is at stake, a lot of spent nerves and money. Some complain that after picking the seedlings, most of them are gone, and the surviving plants are so weak that they should be thrown away.
Growing tomato seedlings at home is not an easy task, because this tasty vegetable is loved not only by people, but also by many parasitic microorganisms. There are two ways to get healthy tomato seedlings:
- The simplest and easiest way to get good tomato seedlings is to buy ready-to-plant plants. However, this method does not guarantee complete protection against diseases, because no one has seen the conditions under which the plants were grown. Many dishonest entrepreneurs feed seedlings before selling them. As a result, purchased juicy and beautiful plants after planting begin to wither, get sick, and some even die.
- The second way to get a rich tomato crop is to grow seedlings yourself. Here you will have to be patient, learn how to independently determine the ailments of tomatoes, carry out their treatment, and also take preventive measures.
When growing tomato seedlings, it is advisable to adhere to one important rule: before spraying plants with chemicals, it is necessary to accurately determine the causative agent of the crop disease. In addition to the fact that an incorrectly selected drug is useless, the harmful substances in its composition will accumulate fruits over time. Now we will try to look at the disease of tomato seedlings in the photo, we will figure out why they arise and what methods of control exist.
Fitoftoroz
Usually this disease of tomatoes is called late blight. The disease is nothing but a fungus. Where is the best place to grow fungus spores? Of course, where there is dampness, temperature fluctuations, a large thickening of plants. Almost all tomato plantations suffer from phytophthora in rainy hot summers. Initially, the disease manifests itself on the leaves of tomatoes by the formation of black areas, followed by drying. Further, these symptoms are transmitted to the fetus.
The video talks about phytophthora:
Fight against late blight begins on the twentieth day after planting tomatoes in the ground. The first time to spray the seedlings is necessary with the preparation “Barrier”. 20 days after the first treatment, tomato seedlings must be sprayed again, but with a different preparation – “Barrier”. After the third inflorescence appears on the plants, the tomatoes are treated with a solution prepared from 10 liters of water, 1 g of potassium permanganate and 1 cup of garlic heads twisted in a meat grinder. Approximate solution consumption during spraying – 0,5 l / m2. Instead of these ingredients, the solution can be prepared from 10 liters of water and two tablets of Oxyhom.
Mosaic
A very dangerous viral disease is accompanied by the loss of fruits and the plants themselves. Often the mosaic is transmitted by seeds. That is why it is imperative to pickle tomato seeds in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate. The disease is characterized by pale spots on the leaves and fruits. At the same time, a change in the shape of the leaf is observed, the ovary stops, the plant turns yellow and gradually dries up.
Treating the mosaic is useless. The affected tomato is removed from the garden, after which it is immediately burned. For prevention, tomato seedlings are watered with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate twice a day with an interval of three weeks. Not bad helps spraying with low-fat milk – skim milk with the addition of 1 tsp per liter of liquid. urea. Tomatoes are processed every 1 days.
Cladosporiosis
This fungal disease is also called brown spot or leaf mold. Most often, the disease spreads to tomatoes growing under film cover. The first lesion occurs on the back side of the tomato leaves, which is expressed by the formation of brown spots with a rough coating. Over time, the leaf with the plant dries up, and the mature spores of the fungus are transferred to a healthy tomato.
Cladosporiosis develops if it is cold and too humid in the greenhouse at night. The gardener himself can contribute to the disease of tomatoes by watering the plantations with ice water. These factors must be taken into account and taken as measures to get rid of the disease. For prevention, seedlings are sprayed with the preparation “Barrier” or “Barrier”. Before planting tomatoes, the greenhouse is disinfected with copper sulfate.
Fomoz
Fungal disease is also called brown rot. Only the fruits suffer from the disease. A small spot forms on the back of the tomato around the stalk. In size, it grows only after the entire tomato inside has already rotted. That is why many vegetable growers begin to notice this disease late.
It will not be possible to cure diseased tomatoes, you can only prevent the spread of the fungus. First, you need to get rid of excess moisture. Secondly, avoid introducing fresh manure under the plants. For disinfection, tomatoes are sprayed with foundationazole or the Zaslon preparation. All tomatoes with a manifestation of rot must be plucked and burned immediately.
Vertex Rot
Blossom end rot can be seen on green tomatoes. The fruit is covered with a spot, slightly pressed into the pulp. Moreover, the affected area can be dry or damp, and also have a different color: from black to light brown. The cause of the disease is a lack of moisture or calcium, as well as an excess of nitrogen.
You can prevent the development of blossom end rot by regular watering of tomatoes. For spraying, a solution is prepared from 10 liters of water with the addition of 1 tbsp. l. calcium nitrate.
Gray mold
This fungus is the most offensive for a vegetable grower. Arriving fruits suffer from the disease, but green tomatoes can also become infected. This usually occurs during the period of completion of the fruiting of the crop in the fall in cold and rainy weather. Round small spots appear on the tomato, gradually developing into a large watery rot. By external signs, gray rot is often mistaken for phytophthora. In addition to the fruits themselves, the whole plant is affected over time.
To effectively combat the disease, only the removal of the entire plant is acceptable. The soil where the tomato grew is disinfected, and healthy tomatoes are sprayed with antifungal drugs.
Alternaria
If brown areas appear on the back of a tomato leaf, you need to sound the alarm. Over time, the entire tomato leaves turn brown, dry out and crumble to the ground. Plant stems begin to rot next.
Only chemicals will help get rid of dry rot. Fugicides have proved to be the best. Spraying is carried out after the first signs of the disease appear, and then repeated after 2 weeks.
Antraknoz
The disease affects all parts of the tomato plant. The weakest point is the root system and the fruit. And it hurts, which is a shame, an already ripe tomato. At first, small rotten dots appear, which increase in size over time.
It is impossible to cure the affected tomato, but the development of the disease can be prevented by spraying with the preparation “Polyram” or “Novosil”.
Stem rot
If we take the tomato as a whole, then in the plant most often this rot affects the stems. Hence the name of the disease. Typically, lesions in the form of brown depressions appear at the base of the stem. As the rot spreads throughout the stem of the tomato, the leaves begin to turn yellow and crumble. The result is that the tomato dries up.
The development of the disease can only be prevented by spraying tomatoes with preparations containing copper in their composition.
Root rot
Greenhouse tomatoes most often suffer from the disease. You cannot immediately see the rotting root, but the first signs can be determined by the withering above-ground part of the tomato. This disease is typical for both tomatoes and cucumbers. It is undesirable to plant tomatoes in the greenhouse, where cucumbers grew in the garden last year, or vice versa.
You can try to save the affected tomato by irrigating with the Zaslon preparation. But it is better to remove the tomato, and pickle the soil with a solution of copper sulfate. The best option is to replace the top layer of the earth, plus etching with copper sulphate.
Mottling
A bacterial disease destroys the leaves of tomatoes. Brown dots appear on the surface, eventually increasing into oblong yellow spots. After the defeat of the entire surface, the leaf dies and falls to the ground.
Tomato plantations can be saved by spraying with appropriate preparations. Fitolavin has proven itself well.
Spotting
The same bacterial disease as mottling. The disease on the tomato is manifested by brown dots of different shades. Moreover, not only leaves, but also fruits can be covered with dots.
You can fight spotting by spraying tomato plantations, for example, with the same Fitolavin.
Withering
Bacterial infection begins with the leaves of the lower tier of the plant. And the yellowness is completely absent. The leaves of the lower part of the bush become sluggish, after which the entire tomato takes on a similar appearance. Over time, the entire tomato dries up.
Plants can be saved by spraying “Copper Humate”. As an option to prevent the disease, tomato seeds are treated with the same drug before sowing.
Bacterial cancer
A very dangerous disease of tomatoes that destroys the vessels of the tomato. Sores appear throughout the plant, including fruits, and the culture gradually dies.
You can save yourself from this trouble by treating the seed material with formalin immediately before sowing. If such a tomato is found in the garden, the plant must be immediately removed, even the soil where it grew must be replaced.
Browning of tomato pulp
The initial stage of this disease can be determined even on green fruits. To the touch with your hands in the pulp of a tomato, you can feel peculiar seals. Over time, they increase, and the tubercles become gray-yellow. The disease leads to uneven ripeness of the pulp.
This disease can be avoided if zoned varieties for a particular region were selected for planting tomatoes.
wet rot
This disease affects the fruits and can manifest itself in several ways:
- Spots of pithy rot appear on mature and green tomatoes in the form of wet mucus. The fruit becomes quickly watery and covered with a white bloom.
- The formation of black mold begins near the stem. Black rot appears on the surface of the tomato, which eventually affects the entire pulp.
- Hard rot is called rhizoctonia. On ripe tomatoes, seals first appear, which eventually turn into watery formations.
- Soft rot can be identified by the watery areas of the tomato. From such a fruit comes the smell of fermentation.
- Green tomatoes can be subject to acid rot. Infection begins from the stalk, gradually spreading through the fruit, followed by cracking of the skin.
This fungal disease of tomatoes is observed in hot and humid summers. Plants should be provided with better ventilation, thickening is not allowed. Tomatoes are sprayed for disinfection with fungicides.
Mučnistaâ rosa
The appearance of the disease is determined by the front side of the tomato leaves. A white powdery coating of the fungus appears on them, after which the leaf gradually wrinkles and becomes yellow-brown in color.
Spraying with fungicides helps to fight the disease of a tomato.
Phytoplasmosis
The second name for the tomato disease is stolbur. The disease affects the inflorescences, making them barren. If there is already an ovary on the plant, then the fruits acquire a yellow-orange color. These tomatoes are not eaten.
Weeds are the carriers of the disease. They must be carefully removed from the garden.
The video will share the solution to problems with tomato seedlings:
We examined the most common diseases of tomato seedlings found in everyday life. This delicate culture is subject to many other diseases, and in order not to be left without a crop, it is necessary to choose the right varieties, plus comply with all the conditions of the agricultural technology of the crop.