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The thyroid gland is a small organ, but it plays a very important role in the body. It consists of two lobes and produces two hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Thyroid diseases are painless and often develop over many years without any disturbing symptoms. The most common diseases of the thyroid gland are: hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto’s and Graves’ disease.
Diseases of the thyroid gland – hypothyroidism
It is the disease that is most often diagnosed when it comes to thyroid disease. The thyroid gland produces an insufficient amount of hormones. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto’s disease. It is a chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Hypothyroidism may be primary, i.e. the result of poor work of the gland, or secondary, relating to diseases of the pituitary gland, which then cannot produce TSH.
What are the most common symptoms of an underactive thyroid? There are many of them, but the most important ones include: drowsiness, constipation, constant exhaustion and fatigue, menstrual disorders, weight gain, dry skin and hair, cold intolerance. Symptoms in everyday life, when severe, can be really tiring and bothersome. It should be remembered that if an underactive thyroid is left untreated, there can be serious consequences. It can lead to heart disease and even infertility. When observing the first symptoms, it is necessary to see a doctor and perform the necessary tests. The disease develops slowly and does not give any symptoms for a long time, so they should not be underestimated later. Hypothyroidism is treated with the supplementation of appropriate hormones.
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Diseases of the thyroid gland – hyperthyroidism
Second, right after hypothyroidism, is thyroid disease. The cause is also the autoimmune process, i.e. Graves’ disease. Another cause are also, for example, overactive nodules in the thyroid gland. When is an overactive thyroid gland? When the gland produces too much hormone than the body needs. Too much thyroid hormone reduces the release of TSH by the pituitary gland. Does hyperactivity have any symptoms? Of course. They are quite characteristic, yet they can be confused, for example, with symptoms of long-term stress or fatigue. Symptoms such as weight loss, heat intolerance, excessive sweating, nervous agitation, hand tremors, and increased heart rate should cause anxiety.
Hyperthyroidism cannot be taken lightly. The disease takes years to develop and may not show any symptoms at first. However, when they do appear, do not ignore them, but go to the doctor immediately. Untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to many complications, such as: arrhythmias, failure, osteoporosis. Hyperthyroidism is also dangerous for pregnant women and the fetus and therefore should not be taken lightly.
Diseases of the thyroid gland are a common disease that can be effectively treated by an ENT doctor by taking appropriate medications tailored to the individual patient’s health condition.
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