Diseases and pests of cherries and the fight against them: photos, how to treat in the suburbs and regions

Cherry diseases with photos and treatment should be studied by every gardener interested in growing a strong and healthy tree. There are many ailments affecting culture, but almost all of them can be successfully combated.

Description of cherry diseases with photos

Most often, cherries in the garden suffer from fungal diseases, they develop especially often if the tree grows on unsuitable soils and does not receive proper care. Symptoms of diseases can be similar, and in order to protect the plant, it is necessary to study cherry diseases with photos and treatment.

Kokkomikoz

One of the most common diseases for cherries is the fungus coccomycosis. You can notice the appearance of the disease by dark red, and then brown spots on the leaves. Holes soon appear in places of spots, from below the leaf plates are covered with a dark coating and begin to fall off. Launched coccomycosis can lead to the death of a fruit plant, as it deprives it of vitality.

Coccomycosis leads to massive leaf fall

Antraknoz

A fungal disease dangerous for cherries is anthracnose, which affects ripening fruits. First, light small areas appear on the cherries, quickly developing into dense tubercles covered with a pink bloom. Then the fruits begin to dry out and die completely in a short period of time.

Anthracnose can completely destroy the crop

Anthracnose is especially dangerous for a fruit plant in dry and hot weather. The disease usually appears in neglected orchards, where crumbled berries remain lying on the ground and become a breeding ground for fungal spores. Left untreated, the fungus can lead to the loss of the entire crop.

Phyllostictosis

Fungal disease, which is also called brown spot, is manifested by yellow-brown spots on cherry leaves and ocher-brown spots on its bark. Over time, overwintering spores of the fungus form in the affected tissues, they look like small black dots.

Phyllosticosis is dangerous by premature leaf fall of the fruit tree

When affected by phyllostictosis, the bark of the fruit plant is deformed and dries out, and the leaves turn yellow and begin to fall off. At the same time, fungal spores remain in fallen leaves, therefore, during treatment, it is especially important to remove and burn all crumbled leaves.

Moniliasis

Moniliosis is another very common and dangerous cherry tree disease that affects the green parts and flowers. The most striking symptom of moniliosis is the withering and drying of flowers and young shoots. With moniliosis, gray spots appear on the bark of the cherry, gum appears, the fruits rot and fall off ahead of time.

With moniliosis, the plant looks withered and as if burnt

Klyasterosporiosis

A disease called perforated spotting, or klesterosporiosis, most often develops in cherries in warm regions with high humidity. Spores of a fungal disease choose young annual shoots for wintering, after which, together with pests and the wind, they spread to the whole tree.

Clusterosporia leads to abundant holes in the leaf blades

Symptoms of clasterosporiasis are red spots with a raspberry border that occur on young leaves. Initially small, the spots quickly increase in diameter, and then become brown and brown. The leaves in the spots dry out, and the dead tissue falls out, leaving behind holes. Klyasterosporiosis harms cherries, as it can lead to the complete death of green mass and stop the development of the plant.

destroyed

Scab fungus on cherries is characterized by brown-green and bright yellow spots that appear on the leaves in spring with the onset of heat. Over time, the spots, as with many other diseases, dry out, the affected leaves crack and fall off. Scab also affects the bark and fruits.

Scab negatively affects both the foliage and the bark of the shoots and fruits.

Since the scab-causing fungus overwinters in fallen leaves, it is important to carry out sanitary cleaning of the garden in time to prevent it. If left untreated, scab can seriously affect crop volumes – cherries will produce half as many fruits, and their quality will be low.

Rust

A dangerous disease for cherries is rust – a parasitic fungus that overwinters in fallen leaves and spreads throughout the plant with the onset of heat. You can recognize rust by the appearance of characteristic tubercles and spots on cherry leaves – bright red with an orange or yellow edging. Outwardly, these spots are very reminiscent of uneven rust, which is the reason for the name of the disease.

If you do not carry out treatment measures, then rust will quickly spread through the tree. The foliage affected by the disease will quickly crumble, which will negatively affect not only the crop, but also the health of the cherry in general.

Rust is easily identified by its characteristic reddish spots.

Mučnistaâ rosa

Most often, a disease called powdery mildew develops in warm and humid regions, on nitrogenous soils and in a thickened orchard. The fungus is transferred with precipitation, wind and insect pests, and you can notice the symptoms of cherry disease as early as late May or early June.

A characteristic symptom of powdery mildew is white spots on the leaves and fruits of cherries, releasing dusty spores that look like flour. The disease usually spreads from the bottom of the plant upwards, affecting not only the leaves, but also the flowers and ovaries.

Powdery mildew on fruits looks like a white coating

The disease is dangerous for cherries in that it reduces the volume of fruiting and worsens the quality of the fruit. To prevent the disease, it is recommended to monitor the level of soil moisture and thin out the branches in time to ensure good air circulation.

Gommoz

On the video of cherry diseases, you can often see gommosis, which is also called gum disease. As it is easy to understand, the ailment affects mainly the trunk of the cherry. From the cracks in the bark, gum is abundantly released, which then hardens and hardens, acquiring an amber-yellow color. In terms of composition, gum is a product of the breakdown of cells and tissues, so its appearance indicates serious negative processes.

The expiration of gum weakens the strength of the plant

Gommosis usually develops against the background of external damage – cuts on the bark and broken branches. It can also be provoked by violations in the rules of cultivation – for example, waterlogged soil. Gum disease is caused by some cherry pests.

It is necessary to fight the disease of the cherry trunk, because infections and bacteria penetrate the wounds on the bark, which can lead to the death of the plant. Treatment consists primarily in the fact that the gum is carefully cut to healthy wood, and then the wounds on the trunk and branches are carefully treated with garden pitch or copper sulphate.

Lichens and mosses

On old cherries or on young trees growing in conditions of high humidity, mosses and lichens can often be seen abundantly covering the trunk and branches. They are not a symptom of fungal diseases and do not pose a direct danger to cherries, but they still serve as an alarm signal.

Lichens are not dangerous in themselves, but indicate an unhealthy state of the plant.

Since mosses and lichens need nutrients to grow, they inevitably take them away from the cherry itself. This leads to a decrease in yield, to the weakening and death of individual branches. Although mossy cherries may continue to grow in the garden for a long time, the number of their fruits will be greatly reduced.

Bacteriosis

Among the diseases of cherries with a description and photo, you can find a dangerous disease – bacterial cancer, or bacteriosis. If treatment is not started in time, the tree can die very quickly.

Bacteriosis can be recognized by its characteristic symptoms. In the presence of the disease, pale yellow spots appear on the leaves of the cherry, which quickly turn brown, and the flowers also turn brown. Over time, through holes begin to appear in the leaves, and the trunk and branches become covered with cracks and growths that secrete a thick orange liquid. Cherries affected by bacteriosis bear few fruits, and those that ripen quickly become covered with dark spots and begin to rot.

Bacteriosis can quickly destroy a garden tree

Most often, the disease develops in cherries against the background of waterlogging in a warm climate. It is important to start treatment at the very first stages, until the bacteriosis has had time to seriously affect the plant.

How to treat cherries for diseases

The treatment of any of these diseases is a whole range of measures to restore the health of cherries:

1. When the first alarming symptoms appear, treatment should be started immediately. If spots appeared on the shoots and leaves, and the bark began to dry and crack, then there is no point in waiting for the disease to go away on its own, it will only develop over time.
2. In order to treat it, it is necessary, first of all, to remove all the affected parts of the cherry. It is most often impossible to save them, but fungal spores and infection can spread to healthy tissues. Sick shoots are not just cut off, they must be carefully collected from the ground, taken out of the site and burned.
3. To destroy fungal spores and infections, fungicidal solutions are used, such as Bordeaux mixture, HOM or Nitrafen, as well as Horus and Skor. When treating a disease, it is important not only to carefully spray the cherry, but also to shed the soil at its roots, in which the pathogenic fungus can also remain. You need to repeat the treatment several times during the season: in early spring, in the period after flowering and in late autumn, shortly before wintering.
4. After cherry treatment, special attention should be paid to autumn preventive measures. Before preparing for winter, it is necessary to inspect the cherry again, if necessary, removing weakened and dead branches, and destroy plant debris at its roots. In this case, fungal spores will not be able to overwinter in fallen leaves and dead tissues, and the disease will not spread again in the spring.

Fungicide treatment is usually carried out three times per season.

If the cherries growing on the site bring many problems during cultivation and often get sick, you need to pay close attention to the growing conditions. Most often, fungal diseases are provoked by insufficiently thorough sanitary cleaning of the garden, but, in addition, ailments can appear due to waterlogged soil. Diseases develop more actively with an excessively thickened crown of the plant, therefore, to maintain the health of the cherry, it is recommended to cut it regularly.

Description of cherry pests with photos

For cherry trees, not only fungi are dangerous. Pests can also damage the health of cherries and reduce their yield, so the gardener should study photos of cherry pests and their control.

aphid

Cherry aphids most often appear on young leaves in late spring. Outwardly, the pest is a small insect with a green or black color, the aphid is located mainly on the underside of the leaves. The pest is dangerous for cherries because it feeds on the juices of its leaves and can almost completely destroy the green crown.

Aphids are a common and very nasty parasite.

Cherry Weevil

Among the photos and descriptions of pests on cherries, there is a weevil; in adulthood, it is a green beetle with a bronze and reddish tint of the body. Pest larvae overwinter in the soil near the cherry trunk and wake up in early spring, after which they move to the trunk and shoots.

The cherry weevil feeds on the juices of the plant during the swelling of the kidneys, and is especially dangerous during the ovary of the fruit. The pest gnaws holes in developing berries and lays eggs in them, from which larvae quickly develop, feeding on the pulp and juices of the fruit. By the time of harvest, the cherry weevil leaves the cherry fruits and goes back into the soil, and the berries affected by the pest fall off, thus the crop is damaged.

Cherry weevil spoils ripe fruit

Sawflies

Among the pests of cherries, the cherry slimy sawfly poses a danger, it mainly affects the green mass. An adult insect has a shiny black body up to 6 mm long and two pairs of transparent wings up to 9 cm in span. The larva of the cherry sawfly reaches a length of about 10 mm, is greenish-yellow in appearance and is covered with black mucus.

The slimy sawfly hibernates in the soil under the trunk of a cherry tree. In spring, the pest pupates, and in mid-summer, the pupae turn into adult insects and lay their eggs on the underside of cherry leaves. The larvae of the pest begin to eat the flesh of the foliage, and the green crown dries up and falls off.

Cherry sawfly weakens the plant and reduces yield

cherry fly

The cherry fly, which is dangerous for the fruit tree, lays its eggs in developing fruits, gnawing small holes in them. Subsequently, pest larvae appear from the masonry, which feed on fruit juices until the very beginning of autumn. Although cherry fly damage does not lead to the death of cherries, the pest causes significant damage to the crop. Berries become unfit for consumption and fall prematurely.

Premature shedding of berries is often the fault of the cherry fly.

Ants

Cherry pests are ants, which are often attracted to the aromatic sweet smell of the ripening fruit. Insects eat ripening cherries and spoil the crop, so they must be disposed of. Another danger of pests is that they act as carriers of aphids; with their appearance, another, much more dangerous pest can settle on the cherry.

Ants are not nearly as harmless as they seem.

spider mite

A garden pest, a spider mite, most often infects cherries in dry weather and under the condition of a lack of moisture. The adult pest is a small insect of green, red or yellow color with four pairs of limbs, and the eggs of the tick are orange-red, so they can be quickly detected on branches and shoots.

Spider mite appears on cherries mainly after flowering. You can recognize it by the following signs – red, silver or yellow small spots, white specks on the underside of the leaves or white spider webs between the leaves and stems. The last sign indicates a serious and large-scale pest damage.

The presence of a discernible cobweb on the foliage indicates a serious mite infestation.

The pest is dangerous because in the course of its life its larvae can seriously damage the green mass of the plant and draw the vital juices out of the cherry. It should be noted that simple spraying of cherries with water during drought and moderate watering are good tick prevention – the pest does not tolerate increased humidity.

How to deal with pests on cherries

Pests of cherry trees cause damage to the crop and generally weaken the fruit plant. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out pest control at an early stage. You can list the following measures aimed at getting rid of insects:

1. With the onset of spring, cherries should be regularly inspected and checked for the condition of their leaves, shoots and ovaries. In the initial stages, pest infestation may not be noticeable, but with due attention, eggs and larvae of harmful insects on leaves and bark are easy to notice.
2. In case of minor damage by pests, you can use the usual soapy solution for processing. Natural laundry soap is diluted in warm water in the proportion of 100 g per 1 liter of liquid, and then the crown of the plant is abundantly sprayed in the morning or after sunset.
3. In case of serious damage by pests, the fruit plant can be treated with insecticidal solutions, such as Karbofos, Fufanon and Kemifos. Mild chemicals help get rid of even large populations of aphids and mites.

It is recommended to process cherries from pests several times a season. Since some pests have time to lay their eggs several times during the summer, repeated treatment increases the effectiveness of the treatment. At the same time, it must be remembered that spraying with insecticides should be carried out no later than 3-4 weeks before harvesting, otherwise the chemicals may penetrate the fruit tissues.

During the preparation of the fruit plant for winter, it is necessary to remove all fallen leaves from the near-trunk circle and dig up the soil. Many pests overwinter in plant remains or the top layer of the earth, so in a neglected area they can again attack cherries with the onset of spring.

The most effective way to control parasites is to treat with insecticides.

Measures to protect cherries from pests and diseases

Cherry diseases in the Moscow region and their treatment can be associated with great difficulties. Therefore, it is best to prevent the development of diseases with the help of preventive protective measures:

1. When growing a fruit plant, it is necessary to observe the correct agricultural technology. Drying or waterlogging of the soil should not be allowed; from time to time, the crown of the tree should be thinned out to avoid excessive thickening.
2. Most often, fungi develop in fallen leaves near cherries and on the remains of shoots and crumbled berries. To prevent diseases of the fruit tree and the appearance of pests, every year you need to remove from the site and burn plant debris that remains under the tree trunk in the fall.
3. Regular sanitary pruning plays an important role in disease prevention. Dry, broken and weakened branches must be removed in a timely manner. At the same time, any damage to the bark of the fruit tree is covered with garden pitch or blue vitriol, if the wounds are left open, then infections and fungal spores can enter the tissue of the cherry through them.
4. It is possible to carry out treatment with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations not only for the treatment of ailments and pests, but also for prevention purposes. Usually cherries are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid, Skorom or Horus shortly before flowering, after it and a few weeks before harvest.

To maintain the health of the cherry, you should annually feed the plant with potassium and phosphorus – mineral fertilizers increase the endurance of the fruit tree.

Proper care can, in principle, prevent most ailments.

Resistant cherry varieties for the Moscow region and other regions

Among dozens of varieties of cherries, special attention of gardeners is attracted by those that have increased resistance to pests and ailments. There are several well-known varieties that are distinguished by good endurance.

In memory of Vavilov

The variety has an average winter hardiness and is not recommended for cultivation in the northern regions. But in the conditions of the Moscow region and the middle zone, the variety develops very well. The fruit plant is resistant to coccomycosis and is little affected by moniliosis, although the latter poses a certain danger to it.

Early Yagunova

The cherry variety has increased cold resistance and adapts well both in the middle lane and in Siberia. The fruit tree is resistant to monilial burn and rarely suffers from coccomycosis, which simplifies the growing process.

Robin

For cultivation in the Moscow region, the Malinovka variety is well suited. The tree overwinters well, but often suffers from return frosts, so it is not suitable for the northern regions. The variety is highly resistant to most fungal diseases and, with proper care, does not suffer from fungus and pests.

Silvia

Cherry is recommended for cultivation in the Central region and rarely suffers from coccomycosis, monilial burn and other fungal diseases. The yield of the variety is relatively low, but it brings almost no problems when growing.

Conclusion

Cherry diseases with photos and treatment allow you to recognize fungal diseases of a fruit tree in time or notice signs of damage by pests. Although diseases and harmful insects pose a serious danger to cherries, they are not so difficult to deal with if treatment is started in a timely manner.