Due to its structure and location, the urethra is much more susceptible to pathogens than the male one. Candida albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis lead among the strains most often causing fungal infections in women. Appropriate selection of treatment is important as some infections tend to recur.
Vaginal mycosis is one of the most common infections of the intimate area in women. It is sometimes referred to as thrush, candidiasis and fungal vaginitis. Its development can be influenced not only by the lack of a hygienic lifestyle, but also – which is less obvious – by excessive attention to hygiene.
Causes of the development of the disease
Internal factors that cause vaginal candidiasis: stress, malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, pregnancy, allergies and other infections that we are going through right now. On the other hand, on the side of external factors, we distinguish: risky sexual behavior, early initiation, genital mycosis in the partner, lack or excess of intimate hygiene, plastic underwear, use of hotels, sports facilities with mass human contact, use of saunas, swimming pools, as well as consuming excessive amounts of carbohydrates in the diet. Not infrequently, mycosis develops under the influence of steroids, antibiotics, hormone replacement therapy or oral contraception, or occurs as a consequence of invasive medical procedures or immunosuppressive treatment. Women with a weakened immune system, i.e. those struggling with, for example, AIDS or cancer, are particularly exposed to vaginal mycosis. The risk also increases with a sedentary lifestyle and sharing towels with other people.
Thrush symptoms
Unlike bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis, the vaginal pH is maintained at its natural level, in the range of 3,8-4,5. Typical for mycosis of the vagina and vulva are cheese-like discharge, nagging itching and irritation of the mucosa. The smell is unchanged, although it is sometimes described as slightly yeasty or milky. The vulva becomes red and swollen. In addition, pain that occurs after intercourse or already during intercourse, as well as dysuria (painful urination) is possible.
Diagnosis and treatment
Ultimately, vaginitis is diagnosed based on the presence of mycelium, yeast or hyphae revealed in the microscopic examination of the smear of vaginal discharge. The doctor usually prescribes intravaginal use of azole drugs or nystatin. They come in the form of creams, gels, globules and tablets. Oral antifungals are prescribed only for recurrent or extremely severe infections. It may be necessary to supplement probiotic Lactobacillus bacteria or treat both partners simultaneously. The treatment usually lasts from 3 days to 2 weeks.