Diet numbers: types, decoding

Therapeutic (dietary) nutrition is considered an important part of the full course of the treatment process. It has no less strong effect on the human body than drugs. And sometimes it is simply impossible to do without adherence to a special diet. Each disease reacts sharply to certain foods. For example, in case of dysfunction of the pancreas, exacerbations can cause the intake of sour cream, fried food, alcohol, etc. If a person is hypertensive, all foods in which a high salt content is noted – pickles, marinades, smoked meats, etc. are contraindicated for him.

In the 20s of the twentieth century, a whole system of therapeutic nutrition was developed, which includes 15 different diets designed for a particular disease. It was invented and developed by the famous Soviet therapist M.I. Pevzner. Since then, this classification has been called according to Pevzner.

The nutritional program includes different types of diets:

• anti-inflammatory
• hyposensitizing
• preventive, etc.

They are used to treat and prevent diseases of the digestive system, hypertension, atherosclerosis, rheumatism, tuberculosis and various renal disorders. A special group is made up of diets used after surgery, as well as unloading options.

Until now, it is according to this food system that menus in sanatoriums are built. In most cases, they are designated by numbers – from 0 to 15. However, it also happens that letter complements are used.

In general, this is not really a diet. It is more correct to call this nutritional therapy. After all, the rejection of a number of products is dictated here not by the desire to lose extra pounds, but by the correction and prevention of the disease

The designation of each diet is accepted – a dietary table. So, the dietary table number 1 is designed to provide a correct and rational nutrition for a person who has been diagnosed with acute gastritis, stomach ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer. Moreover, the person is currently in the stage of recovery. And such a table is prescribed for correction and softer rehabilitation. Sometimes such a diet is used in the event that a repeated relapse of the disease has begun.

Diet No. 1 is not sparing, i.e. it assumes that a person eats food in its usual (unpolished) form, although in terms of chemical composition and a set of products, it rather strongly resembles the mashed version. However, it should be borne in mind that products that excite an overly strong gastric secretion are excluded.

The goal of the diet is moderate chemical, as well as mechanical and thermal sparing of the gastrointestinal tract with good nutrition.

In addition, it should relieve inflammation and normalize the functions of the stomach. You should not eat foods that take a long time to digest and stay in the stomach. It is best to use boiled or steamed foods. It is also allowed to include dishes baked without a crust in the diet. Do not eat food that is too hot or cold. You need to eat this diet at least 5-6 times a day. Before going to bed, it is enough to drink a glass of milk or cream.

Diet tables 1A and 1B are varieties of this kind of diet. Each of them is designed for one or another stage of exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases.

Diet table number 2 is used for chronic colitis and enteritis – both at the moment and after an exacerbation. Usually, such a medical food is used if the disease is not complicated by stones of the pancreas, biliary tract, etc. The diet is designed to provide the human body with adequate nutrition, while moderately stimulating the secretory function of the digestive system. Thanks to the use of such a treatment table, the function of the gastrointestinal tract is normalized. Here, dishes are allowed that have gone through a different degree of preparation – from chopped to lumpy. As for heat treatment, it can also be very diverse – from baking to roasting (but without the formation of a crust). You need to exclude those foods and dishes that linger in the stomach for a long time, as well as those that irritate the mucous membrane. You need to eat only warm food. The number of receptions is from 4 to 5 times a day.

Diet table No. 3 is used for the treatment and prevention of chronic intestinal diseases in a mild form. This diet is a complete nutritional system with the addition of dishes to the patient’s diet, which should increase peristalsis and accelerate bowel movement. These include vegetables, fruits – both fresh and dried, bread, cereals, fermented milk drinks.

It is worth giving up those foods that clearly cause fermentation in the intestines (fried foods rich in oils, etc.)

For this table, food is prepared unmilled. It is best if the dishes are boiled or steam. Alternatively, you can eat baked foods. It is imperative to follow the diet – 4-6 times a day. In this case, the morning should start with cold water with lemon juice added to it. Alternatively, you can use freshly squeezed vegetable or fruit juices. Kefir or compote drunk at night helps to speed up and enhance peristalsis. You should also include more prunes in your menu.

Diteic table 4 is used in the stage of exacerbation of intestinal diseases. Its purpose in this situation is to provide the human body with the necessary valuable nutrients, while reducing the risk of inflammation, the occurrence of fermentative and putrefactive processes in the intestine (which in itself can aggravate the situation even more). In addition, this diet normalizes the functioning of not only the intestines, but also other organs responsible for digestion. This diet is often characterized as low-calorie – it has reduced the amount of fat and carbohydrates, but the protein content is left in the norm. Dishes are mostly liquid, mashed, steamed. you need to eat on this table at least 5-6 times a day.

Diet table 4 has several subspecies – 4B and 4B, which are used depending on the stage of the disease.

Diet table number 5 – the most common for liver problems. Indications for its use are liver cirrhosis, acute forms of hepatitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, etc. The main goal of the diet is a gentle diet to normalize liver function, as well as improve bile secretion. This table provides a normal content of proteins and carbohydrates while limiting fat. Dishes in this diet are mainly used boiled, baked, stewed. Quite often, mashed food is offered to patients. It is impossible to sauté vegetables before laying them in food. Diet table number 5 assumes 5 meals a day.

Among the varieties of such a diet called table number 5A and 5P.

Diet No. 6 is used for urolithiasis or gout. Its purpose is to help reduce uric acid and its salts, as well as shift the reaction of urine to a more alkaline side. Products with oxalic acid are excluded in this table, salt is limited. At the same time, the amount of fruits and dairy products eaten in the diet should increase.

It is imperative to strictly observe the diet: 4 times a day, and in between – drink plenty of fluids

Diet table number 7 is used for diagnosed nephritis. The diet is designed to have a more gentle effect on the kidneys, reduce swelling and improve the elimination of harmful products from the body. Slightly limit the protein in this table, everything else is consumed within the normal range. The only thing to consider is that you need to reduce the amount of fluid so as not to overload the kidneys. The ideal option is 1 liter per day. With such a diet, it is necessary to eat 4-5 times a day.

Varieties of such a diet are called treatment tables No. 7A, 7B, 7B and 7G.

Diet table number 8 is usually prescribed for obesity. Naturally, its main goal is to reduce the calorie content of food. This happens by reducing the consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates in the diet. But protein, on the contrary, should be slightly increased. Salt is prohibited, as well as spices that stimulate excessive appetite. It is better to add more fiber. Doctors recommend that those who can withstand this food system give up sweets (both foods and drinks). Food should be taken 5-6 times per knock, in sufficient portions so as not to feel hungry.

Usually, the optimal portion that can be consumed at a time and saturate your body is considered to be one that is not larger in size than the palm of your hand.

Diet table number 9 – suitable for diabetics. This diet is a food with a reduced calorie content due to a decrease in carbohydrates in the diet. Sugar and other sweets are completely excluded. Also, do not get carried away with salt, cholesterol, etc. It is best to use food baked or cooked. Braised and fried can also be used, but less frequently. Sugar should be replaced with sweeteners. You need to eat in this diet at least 5-6 times a day with the correct distribution of carbohydrates throughout the day.

Diet table number 10 is indispensable for people with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Its main goal is to improve blood circulation and normalize the functions of the cardiovascular system, as well as the liver and kidneys.

Decreases the amount of carbohydrates, salt and a decrease in the rate of consumption of liquids

You also have to give up foods that cause flatulence. A distinctive feature of this diet is the addition of foods rich in magnesium, potassium, etc. to the diet. Diet – 5 times a day in equal portions.

Among the varieties of such a diet include diet table No. 10A, 10I, 10C.

Diet No. 11 is usually used in case of exhaustion after any injuries, operations, serious illnesses, etc. The purpose of such a nutritional system is to improve the general condition of the body, increase its defenses and immunity. Such a high-calorie table is considered. This happens due to the addition of milk, vitamins, minerals, etc. to the diet. You should eat on this diet 5 times a day.

Diet table number 12 is used when you need to treat a person from nervous diseases. Naturally, the main function of such a diet is to restore the normal functioning of the nervous system. It provides for a decrease in the amount of consumed carbohydrates and fats, as well as salt. In addition, those products that cause the excitability of the nervous system – coffee, alcohol, spicy and fried foods – are strictly prohibited. You need to take food at least 5 times a day.

13 diet is used to treat and prevent infectious diseases. Its purpose is to maintain the protective functions of the body. It is a reduced calorie diet. All the main nutrients are slightly reduced in it, but the number of vitamins and microelements is noticeably increased.

This diet assumes the use of only easily digestible foods, excluded coarse fiber, fatty, canned and salty foods

Dishes are boiled or steamed and served chopped up. You need to eat 5-6 times a day in small portions.

Diet table number 14 is used to identify urolithiasis. This diet is different in that no nutrient depletion occurs in it. However, it is necessary to exclude foods that have an alkalizing effect, as well as those that are rich in calcium, i.e. all dairy food. If there are no contraindications, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids. It is necessary to take food on this diet 4 times a day, drink a lot in between.

There are two more types of diet tables that usually stand apart. This is diet # 0 and # 15. They are used mainly for the rehabilitation of patients after surgery or any fairly serious injury. It is lighter, but nutritious. After all, the human body should not spend additional energy on digesting food. However, he also cannot remain hungry, without a sufficient amount of nutrients.

The use of medical nutrition does not mean at all that you have to starve and give up all sorts of goodies. On the contrary, Pevzner’s dietary tables imply varied, complete and tasty food.

Often, those who, due to certain circumstances, discovered this food for themselves, begin to compose their daily menu, in accordance with the rules of such a diet. There are a huge number of recipes for dishes that can be consumed while following a diet. You can find them on the Internet, specialized publications and at your friends’ doctors.

Meals prepared as part of a particular diet will be tasty, healthy and simple enough.

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