Diet for obesity 1, 2, 3 and 4 degrees

What is obesity?

Obesity is a disease characterized by excessive deposition of fat and, as a result, excessive development of adipose tissue. The main factor influencing the increase in body weight is the discrepancy between the intake of calories in the human body and their expenditure. There are also other causes of this dangerous disease, namely: endocrine disorders, hereditary-constitutional predisposition, certain physiological conditions (pregnancy, lactation, menopause), professional activity.

Today, over a billion people in the world are overweight and one of the 4 stages of obesity. In Russia, 50% of women and 30% of men suffer from this, in Germany – every second resident, in Britain and North America – every third, in the USA – every fifth. Excess weight is determined quite simply and the Quetelet index is used for this. It is calculated by dividing a person’s mass by the square of their height in meters (weight in kg/height in m).²).

Weight is considered normal with an index: for women – 19-24, for men – 20-25, an indicator above this indicates excess body fat. At stage I of obesity, the actual body weight exceeds the ideal by no more than 15-29%, at stage II – 30-49%, at stage III – 50-100%, at stage IV – more than 100%.

Therapeutic diet for obesity

Many special diets for obesity have been developed for the treatment of overweight patients. All of them are based on the principle of reducing the energy value of the diet due to easily digestible fats and carbohydrates with a normal protein content. Appetite-stimulating foods, table salt (up to 3 g) and liquid (up to 1,0-1,2 l) are limited. Feed fractional, 5-6 times a day. To provide the patient with a feeling of fullness, food should contain a lot of indigestible carbohydrates (fiber), it should be served boiled, stewed or baked. Animal fats are replaced with vegetable oils.

Energy value of therapeutic diet options:

Products that can be consumed without restriction:

• Cabbage (all types)

• Cucumbers, tomatoes

• Leaf lettuce, greens

• Pepper

• Zucchini, eggplant

• Beetroot

• Carrots

• String beans

• Radish, radish, turnip

• Green peas (young)

• Spinach, sorrel

• mushrooms

• Tea, coffee without sugar and cream

• Mineral water

• Lean meats (white chicken, turkey, veal, beef)

• Fish

! Vegetables can be consumed raw, boiled, baked, steamed.

! The use of fats (butter, mayonnaise, sour cream) in the preparation of vegetable dishes is not allowed.

Foods to be consumed in moderation:

• Milk and dairy products (low fat)

• Cheeses less than 30% fat

• Curd less than 5% fat

• Potatoes (no more than 6 tablespoons per serving)

• Corn

• Mature grains of legumes (peas, beans, lentils) (no more than 6 tablespoons per serving)

• Cereals (no more than 6 tablespoons per serving)

• Pasta (no more than 6 tablespoons per serving)

• Bread and bakery products (not rich; preferably wholemeal bread, 1 k.)

• Fruits (except bananas, dates and grapes)

• Eggs

! “Moderate” means half of your usual portion.

Products that need to be excluded or limited as much as possible:

• Butter

• Vegetable oil (1 tablespoon / day)

• Fat

• Sour cream, cream

• Cheeses over 30% fat

• Curd over 5% fat

• Mayonnaise

• Fatty meat (pork, lamb, chicken legs)

• Smoked meat

• Sausages, sausages, sausages

• Bird skin

• Canned meat, fish and vegetable in oil

• Nuts, seeds

• Sugar, honey

• Jam, jams

• Candies, chocolate

• From fruits: bananas, dates, grapes

• Pastries, cakes and other confectionery

• Cookies, pastry products

• Ice cream

• Sweet drinks (Coca-Cola, Fanta)

• Alcoholic drinks

! It is necessary to exclude such a method of cooking as frying.

! Try to use cookware that allows you to cook food without adding fat (steamer).

Diet 8 for obesity

This diet is used for obesity of varying degrees to reduce a person’s weight and restore disturbed water-salt and lipid metabolism. It uses only low-calorie foods. For example, seafood contains a large amount of organic iodine and essential amino acids. In protein foods – low-fat cottage cheese, cod and vegetable oil, amino acids, vitamins and a sufficient amount of unsaturated fatty acids are ideally combined.

Recommended foods for diet number 8

Diet for obesity 1 degree

A person at this stage does not yet consider extra pounds a disease, he usually does not have any complaints. For this category of people, the norm is high physical and mental stress. Only a part of them can complain of general weakness and increased fatigue.

If you do not start getting rid of excess body fat during this period, then in the future it can lead to the development of diabetes mellitus and hyperinsulinemia, ovarian hypofunctionality (in women), and menstrual disorders. To avoid such complications, active movement during the day and a balanced diet are recommended. It should consist of 60% proteins (including animal origin), 25% vegetable fats, 5-8 g of salt and up to 1,2 liters of fluid daily.

Sugar is excluded completely, except that you can use its substitutes. All dishes are prepared without salt, they are salted separately. Eat food should be at least 6 times a day, little by little.

Sample meal plan for one day:

1nd breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese (100 g), stewed carrots (200 g), coffee with milk without sugar (200 g).

2nd breakfast: apple or fresh cabbage salad without salt with a spoonful of sour cream (170 g).

Lunch: vegetable borsch (200 g), stewed cabbage (150 g), boiled meat (90 g), dried fruit compote without sugar (200 g).

Afternoon snack: low-fat cottage cheese (100 g), rosehip broth (200 g).

Dinner: boiled fish, for example, pike perch (100 g), vegetable stew (125 g), green tea (200 g).

At night: low-fat kefir (150 g).

The allowable norm of bread for the whole day is 150 g.

Diet for obesity 2 degree

This period is characterized by a slow but sure set of extra pounds. It is difficult to reduce body weight, but there is a guarantee that the lost kilograms will not return in the future with an active lifestyle. The treatment of this type of disease requires an integrated approach that combines moderate physical activity and thoughtful nutrition.

Diets at stages 1 and 2 of obesity are similar to each other, therefore, here in the daily diet of the patient, 60% of proteins, 25% of vegetable fats, 4-8 grams of salt and up to 1,2 liters of liquid should be present. All products are consumed raw (vegetables and fruits), boiled, stewed and baked. The daily food intake is divided into 6 small portions.

Forbidden to use:

• sweets and puff pastry, biscuits,

• salted and pickled vegetables, legumes,

• fatty meats and sausages,

• fatty fish, caviar and canned food,

• baked milk and sweet dairy products, fatty cottage cheese,

• pasta, milk soups with pasta,

• sweet juices, kvass, cocoa, lemonade,

• spicy and fatty sauces, mayonnaise, hot spices.

Diet for obesity 3 degree

This stage is characterized by the stability of body fat and for weight loss a person will need complex therapy. In some advanced cases, you can not do without surgical intervention. The state of health of patients deteriorates sharply, shortness of breath appears at the slightest physical exertion and even at rest, pain in the heart area, headaches, weakness, drowsiness, and working capacity decrease.

As complications, atherosclerosis, diseases of the heart and joints, liver and biliary tract, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, pancreatitis, nephrolithiasis develop. Treatment of patients is best done in a hospital, under the supervision of doctors and with one unloading day per week. The daily diet should include up to 80 grams of protein (70% of them of animal origin), 60 grams of fat (30% of them of plant origin), 100 grams of carbohydrates. The total calorie content of products should not exceed 1300 kilocalories.

Sample meal plan for one day:

1nd breakfast: boiled meat (90 g), vegetable salad with vegetable oil (150 g), coffee with milk without sugar (200 g).

2nd breakfast: apple (about 100 g).

Lunch: vegetarian borsch (200 g), stewed cabbage (150 g), boiled fish (100 g), apple compote without sugar (200 g).

Afternoon snack: low-fat milk (180 g).

Dinner: baked meatloaf stuffed with egg (90 g), green tea (200 g).

At night: low-fat kefir (150 g).

Diet for obesity 4 degree

Patients with 100% overweight, as a rule, need constant care. They move with difficulty, cannot climb stairs, wash themselves in the bathroom and use public transport. Every step is difficult for them. Such patients have a whole bunch of serious diseases associated with excessive body weight: atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis, Pickwick’s syndrome – respiratory failure.

Obesity at stage 4 requires an integrated approach: a special diet and, quite possibly, surgery. It is desirable to be treated in a hospital, under the supervision of a doctor.

Diet for fatty liver

Fatty liver is also called fatty liver, steatohepatosis or fatty degeneration. All these medical terms mean the same thing, namely, the pathological degeneration of liver cells into adipose tissue. Fatty degeneration cannot be called a fatal disease and up to a certain stage it is a reversible process. But if you start the disease strongly, then a more deplorable result is inevitable – hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver.

The diet for hepatosis of the liver involves limiting the intake of animal fats and easily digestible carbohydrates, increasing protein intake and completely abandoning flour and pasta, sugar and alcohol. In addition, traditional medicine offers a number of herbal remedies that help rid the liver of excess fat. They are represented by decoctions and infusions of immortelle, milk thistle, wild rose, etc.

Children’s diet for obesity

Of particular concern in recent years is excess body fat in children. In Italy, 36% of preschoolers and adolescents suffer from this, in Greece – 31%, in Spain – 27%, in the USA – 26%, in Russia – about 30%. In order not to overfeed children and save them from extra pounds, you just need to follow some recommendations:

• feed babies and teenagers at the same time, 6 times a day, little by little. The first breakfast can be at 8 o’clock in the morning, and the last meal of light food no later than 20 o’clock,

• breaks between meals at 3 hours help reduce appetite and get rid of hunger,

• it is advisable to offer high-calorie meals to preschoolers and schoolchildren in the morning, when they are more active. For breakfast and lunch, it is advisable to cook meat and fish dishes, in the late afternoon – vegetable and dairy foods.

Diet for an obese child

A growing children’s body must be provided with all useful substances, including vitamins, macro and microelements, mineral salts. However, in the menu of children prone to gaining extra pounds, carbohydrates, especially easily digestible ones, should be limited. It should be completely excluded from the use of mutton, beef and pork fat, as well as margarine. As little as possible, sweet buns, sweets, jams and cookies should be included in the diet of babies and teenagers. But vegetables in any form and unsweetened fruits and berries are very, even welcome.

Useful for kids and juices – tomato, beetroot, cabbage, carrot. It is necessary to prepare them only from fresh vegetables. In addition, each child should receive the age norm of cottage cheese, meat, fish, milk and other dairy products. Two and three-year-old kids need 80 grams of meat per day, for preschoolers the norm will be 100 grams of meat, for schoolchildren 7-12 years old – 150 grams of meat. The norm of cottage cheese, both for preschoolers and teenagers, is the same – at least 50 grams per day. It is recommended to give milk to preschool children 500-600 ml per day, to schoolchildren – 400 ml.

Soups are brewed mainly vegetarian, but no more than twice a week they can be cooked in diluted meat or fish broth. Steam meatballs, meatballs and cutlets are prepared from boiled fish and meat. But potatoes, which contain a large percentage of starch, should be included in the menu as rarely as possible. It is also important to teach your child to eat slowly, in this case, the feeling of satiety arises faster, and the baby will not overeat.

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