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The diet for renal failure is designed to normalize or support the metabolic, excretory, filtering, hematopoietic and other functions of the kidneys. Irritation of the organs is unacceptable, so the diet should be as gentle as possible for them. Diet is a prerequisite for the treatment of both chronic and acute renal failure; it is included in the general treatment regimen for this pathological process.
The diet is based on limiting the intake of protein and salt. However, if you completely exclude protein from the menu, then the body will begin to destroy its own tissues, and if you completely abandon salt, this threatens with hyponatremia, which worsens the filtering ability of the kidneys. Therefore, doctors strongly recommend using tables developed by specialists that have the optimal ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and are adapted to a specific disease. So, for patients with renal insufficiency, it is advisable to adhere to diet number seven. Naturally, no one cancels an individual approach, and with the permission of the attending doctor, one or another amendment can be made to the table. However, it is diet number 7 that should be taken as a basis.
In addition, there are various options for this dietary table, which are adapted to a particular stage of the disease:
Diet 7a is suitable for severe chronic renal failure. It allows you to spare the kidneys as much as possible, contributes to the removal of nitrogenous toxins and protein compounds from the body. With its help, it is possible to get rid of edema and reduce blood pressure.
Diet number 7b is suitable for patients with moderate chronic renal failure. It also helps to relieve the load from working nephrons and allows you to remove decay products from the body.
You can use the 7c diet for chronic insufficiency. It is suitable for patients at the initial stage of chronic renal failure, as it allows normalizing cholesterol levels, replenishes protein losses, and reduces the severity of edema.
Diet number 7g is suitable for patients in the final stage of insufficiency and with an exacerbation of the disease. It is recommended to adhere to patients on hemodialysis.
As for the diet number seven itself, it can be used during remission of acute insufficiency, when there comes a period of recovery from the underlying disease that caused this pathological process (nephritis, glomerulonephritis, etc.).
In addition, when choosing a dietary table, one should also take into account what background diseases the patient has, for example, heart and vascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, disorders in the functioning of the endocrine system, etc.
Diet for chronic renal failure in compensated and intermittent stages
Nutrition at these stages should be as gentle as possible for the kidneys. It is important to help the body remove metabolic decay products, reduce pressure and swelling due to the removal of excess fluid.
Proteins are severely limited. They make up no more than 20 g per day, while 75% of them should be of plant origin. Salt is restricted. Fats and carbohydrates are also reduced, but moderately. The total daily calorie content should not exceed 2200 kcal. Under the absolute ban are products with oxalic acid, essential oils, extractives.
Food processing is gentle, products can be boiled, baked, fried a little. Bread should not contain salt. All dishes are also prepared without the addition of sodium chloride. Such a diet should be followed for 6 days, but no more.
Foods that cannot be eaten:
Flour products and bread with salt;
Broths: mushroom, meat, cereal, bean, milk soup;
All meat and fish products that have undergone secondary processing are canned food, sausages, semi-finished products, etc.;
Cheeses;
Cereals – the exception is rice;
Macaroni, legumes;
Vegetables – pickled, pickled and salted;
Spinach, cauliflower, sorrel, garlic, radish;
Ice cream chocolate, kissel on milk;
Sauces based on prohibited products, pepper, horseradish, mustard;
Mineral waters with sodium, coffee, cocoa.
A sample menu for one day might look like this:
For breakfast: rice porridge, tea with sugar.
For the second breakfast: boiled egg, rosehip broth.
For lunch: vegetable soup (potatoes, carrots, onions, sago), boiled veal, berry jelly.
For an afternoon snack: carrot cutlets with sour cream.
For dinner: steamed fish zrazy, vegetable salad with vegetable oil, tea with lemon.
Diet for chronic renal failure in the latent stage
This diet involves the replenishment of protein excreted in the urine, contributes to the normalization of metabolism, and reduces cholesterol levels. By adhering to the dietary table number 7b, you can get rid of edema and regulate blood pressure.
Animal fats should be moderately reduced, at least 30% of fats should be of vegetable origin. At the same time, proteins make up to 125 g from the daily diet, but it is important that 65% of them are of animal origin. Salt and sugar are restricted, lipotropic substances must be supplied in increased quantities. The volume of daily free liquid is not more than 800 ml. That is, if you divide the fluid intake by 5 times, then on average the dose per approach should be equal to 150 ml.
Products that are banned:
The dough is both puff and rich, ordinary bread.
Broths based on meat, fish, mushrooms;
Fatty meat, offal;
Sausages, smoked meats, canned food;
Salted, fatty, smoked fish, caviar;
spicy cheese;
Radish, sorrel, spinach;
Chocolate, confectionery creams;
Mustard, radish, horseradish, pepper;
Mineral water with sodium, cocoa.
Sample menu for one day:
For breakfast: carrot cutlets, fruit juice.
For the second breakfast: rosehip broth, cottage cheese with sour cream.
For lunch: vegetable soup with noodles, cucumber and herb salad, chicken steamed zrazy with mashed potatoes.
For an afternoon snack: berry jelly with tea.
For dinner: stewed rabbit in tomato sauce, boiled buckwheat, fruit pudding, green tea with lemon. Before going to bed, you should drink a glass of kefir.
Diet at the end stage of acute and chronic renal failure
The diet is designed to reduce the side effects of ongoing hemodialysis, is designed to balance the patient’s diet, taking into account the characteristics of metabolism.
Salt is sharply limited, protein per day should be consumed no more than 60 g, while 75% of them should be of animal origin. The amount of fluid consumed is also reduced to 700 ml per day. It is possible to give salt up to 3 g, if the blood pressure is normal and there are no edema. Products with potassium also fall under the restriction. The amino acids necessary for the life of the body, a person should receive with eggs, fish, meat and dairy products, but in limited quantities. Fish and meat are boiled, salt-free sauces and seasonings are used to improve their taste.
The following products are banned:
All bread, except salt-free and wheat, as well as flour products;
Broths based on fish, meat, mushrooms;
Dried fruits, rhubarb, spinach, sorrel, mushrooms;
Marinated vegetables, pickles;
Sausage, fatty and salted fish, caviar, canned food;
Cheeses;
Chocolate;
Refractory fats, cocoa.
Sample menu for one day:
For breakfast: soft-boiled egg, vegetable salad seasoned with vegetable oil, tea.
For the second breakfast: a baked apple.
For lunch: vegetable borsch with low-fat sour cream, boiled veal, pear jelly, compote.
For an afternoon snack: salt-free bread with curd cream and herbs.
For dinner: potato zrazy, boiled turkey, wheat bran decoction.
If the volume of liquid has not been replenished during the day, then before going to bed you can drink a decoction of wild rose (no more than 150 ml).