Contents
Cherry Dibera Black belongs to the old proven varieties of crops with high yields. If you know some of the features of planting and caring for a plant, you can collect a lot of juicy, sweet berries from it.
History of breeding
Cherry Diber Chernaya is the result of an accidental pollination that occurred in the Crimea in 1862. The name of the variety was derived from the name of the gardener who first described it – A. Daiber. In 1947, the Daiber Black cherry was entered in the State Register. Zoning varieties: North Caucasus and Nizhnevolzhsky regions.
Description of the culture
Diber Cherry Chernaya is a large-fruited variety and forms berries weighing 6-7 g. The shape is wide-heart-shaped, slightly tuberous. The seam is clearly visible. The color of the skin is dark red, almost black. The pulp of the fruit is dark, saturated red, tender when ripe, has an excellent dessert sweet taste with a slight, subtle sourness.
The pulp is characterized by medium juiciness, the juice is bright red saturated color. The stone of the fruit is large, it is poorly separated from the pulp, it weighs about 0,45 g and makes up 7% of the total mass of the berry. The peduncle is 40 mm long, wide, easily separated from the fruit.
Dibera Black cherry tree is tall, strong growing. Its height can reach 6 m. Young shoots are straight, greenish-brown, forming inflorescences of 2-3 flowers. The wide-rounded crown of this tree is distinguished by branching branches, strong foliage. The leaf is oval-elongated, with a sharp end.
Features
Below are the characteristics of the cherry variety Dibera Chernaya as an assessment of the most important indicators of the culture.
Drought resistance, winter resistance
Sweet cherry belongs to moisture-loving crops, and the Dibera Black variety is no exception. During a stable period of drought, it is necessary to increase the frequency of watering.
Diber Cherry Black does not differ in increased frost resistance – at temperatures below -30 0With there is a serious freezing of shoots, branches, trunk, and at -24 0Almost all flower buds are damaged.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening period
Depending on the region in which the summer cottage is located, the shoots of the Daiber Black cherry are covered with large white flowers in late March – early April. During the flowering period, the plant looks very decorative. Cherry Dibera Black is self-fertile, therefore, in order to obtain a high yield, it is necessary to plant one of the pollinating varieties.
In terms of ripening, this variety belongs to medium-late – fruits can be harvested in late June – early July.
yield, fruiting
The impressive size of the tree and the size of the berries ensure its high yield. This indicator depends on the region of cultivation and the age of the plant. Adult specimens are the most productive – 70-90 kg of berries can be collected from one tree. Dibera Chernaya begins to bear fruit in the fifth year after planting the seedling.
Scope of berries
The berries of this variety of sweet cherry are consumed mainly fresh. But they are also suitable for processing: delicious compotes and jams can be cooked from fruits.
Disease and pest resistance
The Daibera Chernaya cherry variety has an average resistance to diseases, so it is important to carry out preventive measures annually for protection. Since this cherry belongs to rather old varieties, it is often affected by coccomycosis, moniliosis (fruit rot), klesterosporiosis (perforated spotting). Especially great damage to the Dibera Black cherry is inflicted during rainy springs.
Advantages and disadvantages
Analyzing the above characteristics of the Diber Black cherry, a number of its advantages and disadvantages can be identified.
The advantages of the variety include:
- high and reliable yield;
- size and dessert taste of berries;
- the benefits and versatility of eating fruits;
- decorative flowering;
- friendly return of the harvest.
Disadvantages of Cherry Dibera Black:
- average winter hardiness, due to which the plant can be grown in regions with mild winters;
- poor resistance to common crop diseases;
- limited time for harvesting fruits, with belated removal, they are affected by gray rot.
Features of landing
In order for the culture to give high yields, it is necessary to plant it correctly, taking into account the timing, place, planting rules, and also choose the appropriate planting material.
Recommended dates
Cherry seedlings are planted in the spring, when the soil has thawed and warmed up enough, and the return frosts will be behind. In the case of acquiring a tree in autumn, you can dig it at an angle of 450, and plant in a permanent place in the spring. In the southern regions, Daibera Black can be planted in the fall.
Choosing the right place
Sweet cherries grow well and bear fruit in rich nutrient soils with a light structure, while the tree should be placed in a well-lit place, where there are no strong cold winds. The roots of the tree reach a depth of 2 m, so it is not planted in a place with high groundwater.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Sweet cherries and cherries coexist well with each other and somewhat increase each other’s yield. In addition, the following types of crops can be planted near them:
- grapes;
- hawthorn;
- Rowan;
- elderberry (protects against aphids);
- honeysuckle.
It is not recommended to plant next to cherries and cherries:
- nightshade crops;
- some trees: linden, oaks, birches, maples;
- some fruit bushes: raspberries, gooseberries, sea buckthorn, currants.
Selection and preparation of planting material
When purchasing a seedling of Dibera Black cherry, you need to carefully evaluate its appearance. First of all, its height should correspond to the age: for one-year specimens – 70-80 cm, for two-year-olds – about 1 m. You should pay attention to the state of vaccination. It should be tight, without damage and release of liquid. The bark of the tree over the entire surface should look healthy, if traces of pests and diseases are noticed, it is better to refuse to buy.
You can learn more about choosing a cherry seedling from the video:
Landing algorithm
For planting, you need to dig a hole measuring 80 × 80 cm. A layer of sand is laid at the bottom for drainage if the soil in the area is heavy, and clay if it is light. It is necessary to immediately install a support for cherries. Next, the nutrient mixture is poured, which includes: 2 buckets of soil, 3 kg of superphosphate, 1 liter of ash, 1 kg of potash fertilizer, 35 kg of humus, 2 kg of ammonium sulfate.
In the center of the planting hole, you need to make a low mound, place a sweet cherry on it, carefully straighten its roots and tie it to a support peg. Then, when pouring the soil, it is lightly tamped so that air cavities do not form. The seedling is planted correctly if its root collar is at least 3 cm from the ground.
Mulching the near-stem circle is carried out after abundant watering. As mulch, you can use humus, peat, old foliage or sawdust.
The scheme for planting several cherry trees for pollination provides for the observance of distances between them of 3-5 m.
Culture aftercare
Dibera Black during the entire life cycle needs elementary care.
In the spring, before the start of sap flow and swelling of the kidneys, the crown of the Diber Chernaya cherry is formed. This culture is formed in 2 tiers: on the first one, about 8-9 skeletal branches are left, on the second – 2-3 layers. The central stem of the adult plant is cut at a height of 3,5 m – this allows you to limit the growth of the tree. Also in the spring, sanitary pruning is carried out – the removal of all damaged and frozen branches onto the ring.
Preparation for winter consists in carrying out autumn watering of the tree and whitewashing its trunk and thick branches. Young cherries of Dibera Black are wrapped with spruce branches.
Watering and fertilizing are inseparable in the case of growing Dibera Black cherries. This culture, with favorable weather in the season, needs only 3-4 plentiful waterings, so they are carried out simultaneously with root dressings. As fertilizers, slurry is applied (proportion 1:8), complex fruit and berry top dressing, ash infusion (ratio with water 1:10). In the spring, Dibera Black cherries are fertilized with urea, scattering 60-80 g of granules in a dry form.
There are different ways to protect a fruit crop from rodents: wrapping trunks with nylon, mesh, roofing felt, branches of conifers, as well as trampling snow in winter.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
For clarity, possible diseases and pests of the Dibera Black cherry are collected in tables indicating preventive and treatment measures.
Table 1 – Pests
Pest | preventive measures | Control measures |
black cherry aphid | Providing proper care for cherries, timely fertilization Proper pruning of affected shoots: at least another 10 cm of healthy tissue must be captured. Timely collection of all cut parts and their burning. Spring and autumn whitewashing of the trunk | Chemical means: “Aktellik”, “Intavir”. Folk remedies are effective only with a small number of pests: repellent infusions of tobacco, dandelion, green onions |
Pheidenitsa | Spring spraying of the tree with “Chlorophos”, “Karbofos”, other insecticides before bud break | |
Weevil | Chemicals: Intavir, Karbofos, Rovikurt |
Table 2 – Common diseases
Disease | Symptoms of the disease | Control measures |
Kokkomikoz | The appearance at first of small red-brown spots on the foliage, which eventually increases in size, while a pinkish-gray coating develops on the underside of the leaves – fungal spores. Leaves curl and fall | Treatment with copper-containing fungicides during bud swelling: Bordeaux mixture, Kuproksat, Abiga-peak, copper oxychloride solution 0,3%. During the flowering period – spraying with “Horus” (3 g per bucket of water). During fruiting – “Soon” (ampoule in a bucket of water). After harvesting – treatment with Bordeaux liquid 1% concentration |
Moniliasis | Drying of leaves, drying of flowers, drying of unripe fruits, blackening of branches. The tree looks burnt – the places where the fungus settles turn black | |
Klyasterosporiosis | The disease manifests itself on the foliage, which is covered with reddish spots. Over time, they grow, in the center of each of them the tissue dies and falls out, forming holes with a red border. Over time, the disease spreads to shoots and fruits, forming ulcers from which juice flows. |
Conclusion
Cherry Dibera Black is recommended for cultivation in warm regions. With knowledge of the characteristics of the variety, it is possible to obtain huge yields of sweet large berries from plants every year.