La radiology is a medical specialty which brings together medical imaging and nuclear medicine (use of radioactive products to visualize different organs and structures of the body).

The term radiology designates by extension all the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques which use X-rays, or more generally radiation.

In addition to radiography, imaging techniques include:

• thescan
• le scanner or CT scan (also uses x-rays)
• le PET scan
• la nuclear magnetic resonance
• la scintigraphy, etc.

Discovered at the end of the 19th century, X-rays have the property of crossing tissues (in a variable way according to their density) and of printing an image on a photographic plate. Today, the result is usually obtained in the form of a digital image, but the principle remains the same: a beam of X-rays is directed towards the region to be examined. Depending on the tissues crossed, the intensity of the beam is modulated and makes it possible to obtain an image of the interior of the body. Thus, the rays are very absorbed by the bones; they are moderately affected by soft tissue and weakly by fat.

Radiology is essential for the diagnosis of many diseases. It also makes it possible to follow their evolution, and to intervene to treat various pathologies (interventional radiology).

The use of radiation can also destroy cancer cells (radiotherapy).

In the medical field, imaging is used daily for countless indications.

According to the French Society of Radiology, radiology is increasingly used to guide interventions. Interventional radiology or imaging guidance may have:

• diagnostic purposes: punctures, biopsies
• for therapeutic purposes.

La radiography Conventional uses an X-ray emitting source which is placed in front of the area of ​​the body to be radiographed. A detector is placed on the other side, to capture the rays after they have passed through the tissues.

The exam is painless and quick.

In some cases, we use contrast media (or contrasting products), for example iodine or barium sulphate, which are opaque to X-rays. By injecting them into a vein for example, they will “color” certain parts of the body and allow them to stand out on the clichés.

As we have seen, radiology techniques are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of many ailments.

In particular, they make it possible to identify c, fractures, malformations, injury of all kinds (osteoarthritis, vascular anomalies, etc.).

However, imaging exams are expensive and are always prescribed for specific indications.

In addition, since X-rays can be harmful to tissues, especially at high doses or during repeated exposure, measures are taken to minimize patient exposure. It is also important to report any pregnancy or doubt about pregnancy to the doctor. However, the SFR recalls that a simple radiographic image “corresponds on average to the average natural exposure (to the sun) undergone during a 4-hour trip by plane. “

When possible, non-irradiating techniques (ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging) are recommended.