Dark brown chlorophyllum (Chlorophyllum brunneum) photo and description

Chlorophyllum dark brown (Chlorophyllum brunneum)

:

• Chlorophyllum brown
• Umbrella dark brown
• Umbrella brown
• Stir in the brownie
• Macrolepiota rhacodes var. brunnea
• Macrolepiota brunnea
• Macrolepiota rhacodes var. hortensis
• Macrolepiota rachodes var. brunnea

Chlorophyllum brunneum (Farl. & Burt) Vellinga, Mycotaxon 83: 416 (2002)

Dark brown chlorophyllum is a large, conspicuous mushroom, very impressive. It grows mainly in the so-called “cultivated areas”: gardens, lawns, pastures, park areas. It is very similar to the Blushing Umbrella (Chlorophyllum rhacodes), these species are just twin brothers. You can distinguish them by the ring, in a dark brown umbrella it is simple, single, in a blushing one it is double; according to the shape of the thickening of the base of the leg; on the basis of microscopy – in the form of spores.

head: 7-12-15 cm, up to 20 under good conditions. Meaty, dense. Cap Shape: Almost globular when young, convex with growth, widening to broadly convex or nearly flat. The skin of the cap is dry, smooth and bald, dull grayish brown in the bud stage, becoming scaly with brown or grey-brown scales with growth. The scales are large, located very close to each other in the center, less often towards the edges of the cap, forming a semblance of a tiled pattern. The surface under the scales is radially fibrous, whitish.

plates: Loose, frequent, lamellar, whitish, sometimes with brownish edges.

Leg: 8-17 cm long, 1,5-2,5 cm thick. More or less uniformly cylindrical over a sharply swollen base, which often has a banded upper margin. Dry, finely pubescent-finely fibrous, whitish, dull brownish with age. From touch, the hairs are crushed and brownish marks remain on the leg.

Ring: rather hard and thick, single. Whitish above and brownish below

Volvo: missing. The base of the stalk is strongly and sharply thickened, the thickening is up to 6 cm in diameter, it can be mistaken for a Volvo.

Pulp: Whitish in both cap and stem. When damaged (cut, broken), it quickly turns into shades of red-orange-brown, from reddish-orange to reddish, reddish-brown to cinnamon-brown.

Smell and taste: pleasant, soft, without features.

spore powder: white.

Microscopic characteristics:

Spores 9-12 x 6-8 µm; ellipsoid with a noticeably truncated end; walls 1-2 microns thick; hyaline in KOH; dextrinoid.

Cheilocystidia up to about 50 x 20 µm; plentiful; clavate; not bloated; hyaline in KOH; thin-walled.

Pleurocystidia are absent.

Pileipellis – trichoderma (center of the cap or scales) or cutis (whitish, fibrillar surface).

Saprophyte, grows singly, scattered or in large clusters on fertile, well-manured soil in gardens, wastelands, lawns or in greenhouses and greenhouses; sometimes forms witch rings.

Umbrella brown bears fruit in summer and autumn, until cold weather.

Distributed in the United States in coastal California, on the west coast and in the Denver area; rare in northeastern North America. In European countries, the species has been recorded in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary (information from Wikipedia, which, in turn, refers to Wasser (1980)).

The data is highly inconsistent. Various sources list Dark Brown Chlorophyllum as edible, conditionally edible, and “presumably poisonous”. May cause allergic reactions.

There are references to the fact that in some early sources even some hallucinogenic properties were described.

We will carefully place the Brown Umbrella under the heading “Inedible species” and wait for scientific publications on this topic.

Red umbrella (Chlorophyllum rhacodes)

 It features a double movable ring. The thickening at the base of the stem is not as sharp, not so contrasting with the rest of the stem. It shows a slightly different color change of the pulp when cut, but the color change should be observed in dynamics.

Chlorophyllum Olivier (Chlorophyllum olivieri)

It features a double ring, it is the same as the Blushing Umbrella. The scales are more “shaggy”, not brown, but grayish-olive, and the skin between the scales is whitish, and in tone with the scales, dark, gray-olive.

Umbrella motley (Macrolepiota procera)

It conditionally differs in size – higher, the hat is wider. The flesh does not turn red on the cut and break. On the leg there is almost always a characteristic pattern of small scale hairs.

Photos of Michael Kuo are temporarily used in the article. The site really needs photos of this species, Chlorophyllum brunneum