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Constructed of many cells separated by a large amount of intercellular substance (called the intercellular essence), connective tissue (Latin: Textus connectivus), being one of the basic tissues in the human body, is designed to connect other tissues with each other and provide support for organs and protect sensitive areas.
Connective tissue – types
There are a few types of connective tissue differing in the presence of certain types of cells, their structure, their functions and the composition of the extracellular substance. Among types of connective tissue you can mention, among others adipose tissue, bone tissue, and cartilage, and blood.
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Proper connective tissue
Overriding destiny proper connective tissue is the framework function of organs in the human body. Due to the fact that it supports the flesh of organs, it enables them to function efficiently, providing mechanical protection for other tissues and organs. Proper connective tissue it is responsible for the transport of nutrients and metabolic products.
Connective tissue proper is divided into several types:
- compacted connective tissue (also called compacted fibrous connective tissue),
- embryonic connective tissue (called mesenchyma or mesenchymal tissue),
- connective adipose tissue,
- jelly-like connective tissue,
- connective reticular tissue,
- connective tissue flaccid.
There is also another classification proper connective tissueaccording to which it can be distinguished dense connective tissue (dense or fibrous connective tissue) and loose connective tissue. The composition of the cells proper connective tissue includes: histiocytes, fibroblasts, plasmocytes, mast cells, migratory cells.
The intercellular substance consists of protein fibrous elements and the basic substance. The fibrous elements generally fulfill the mechanical function of the intercellular substance. There are three types of fibrous elements: collagen fibers, reticulin fibers and elastic fibers. On the other hand, the basic substance containing a large amount of water is defined as the amorphous mass and composed of chemical components: glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and non-collagen proteins.
Skeletal connective tissue
Skeletal connective tissue, which is also called support connective tissue or supportive connective tissue, is divided into tissue bone and cartilage tissue. Its primary task is to support the body and protect organs and other tissues. Cartilage connective tissue it is distinguished by a lack of innervation and vascularity. It is the densest connective tissue. Its types include: fibrous cartilage tissue, hyaline cartilage tissue, elastic cartilage tissue.
Connective tissue – blood
One of the peculiar connective tissues jest krewwhich is made of liquid plasma and morphotic elements (erythrocytes – red blood cells, leukocytes – white blood cells and thrombocytes – platelets). Blood plasma, on the other hand, consists of organic compounds (including fatty acids and proteins), as well as inorganic compounds (magnesium, iron, calcium ions, sodium chloride and water).
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Connective adipose tissue
Another kind connective tissue jest fat tissue, which is located primarily in the subcutaneous layer, and its main task is to generate heat. It consists of fat cells (adipocytes) and fibroblasts, macrophages, vascular stromal cells and pre-adipocytes. Stands out white adipose tissue (also called yellow adipose tissue) and brown adipose tissue.