Computed tomography of the chest. Imaging diagnosis of the lungs

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Imaging diagnostics is one of the key steps in the detection of lung diseases. One of the more detailed tests is computed tomography of the chest. It allows you to assess the condition of the lungs and bronchi, detect neoplastic changes or other abnormalities. Computed tomography of the lungs uses X-rays.

Computed tomography in lung diagnostics

Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging test used to obtain sections of organs. As a result of the examination, we obtain a layered image showing bones and soft tissues. It is thanks to the high-resolution image that tomography is a way of effective lung diagnostics. In some cases, a contrast agent is used to obtain better contrast. It is not always necessary.

There are several types of tomography: HRCT (high resolution computed tomography), computed tomography with contrast and tomography in the pulmonary embolism algorithm. The appropriate type of examination is selected by the doctor on the basis of other examinations and previous diagnosis.

Thanks to computed tomography, the chest can be detected:

  1. pulmonary emphysema;
  2. bronchiectasis;
  3. lung and mediastinal tumors as well as staging them;
  4. pneumoconiosis and asbestosis;
  5. inflammatory changes, also latent;
  6. pulmonary fibrosis;
  7. foreign bodies in the lungs;
  8. changes in the pulmonary parenchyma, lesions and injuries.

Is chest tomography safe?

Image obtained during tomographic examination it is formed due to x-rays. This means that this diagnostic method is based on the same technique as in the case of X-ray. In the case of CT, the radiation dose can be even several dozen times higher, which is associated with an increased risk of developing cancer.

Normal chest tomography does not in itself pose an immediate risk of complications. The situation is different in the case of administering a contrast agent. Administration of the intravenous contrast agent may cause side effects including itching, flushing, vomiting, nausea, dizziness, bronchospasms leading to nausea, pulmonary or laryngeal edema, drops and spikes in blood pressure, and cardiac arrest.

  1. Read more: Computed tomography – when to perform and how to prepare?

Computed tomography of the chest – contraindications

One should not forget about the contraindications for computed tomography, which include:

  1. pregnancy – the exceptions are situations when the benefits of the test exceed the risk;
  2. in the case of administering contrast – allergy to iodine.

Caution and medical consultation are also required in:

  1. people over 65 and children before the age of 10;
  2. suffering from asthma;
  3. thyroid patients;
  4. people with renal, hepatic, respiratory or circulatory system insufficiency;
  5. people who find it difficult to lie down for a long time;
  6. breastfeeding women.

Preparations for computed tomography – with and without contrast

The main recommendations for patients going to computed tomography of the chest with contrast is fasting, and up to an hour before the test, drink more water and possibly take medication for chronic diseases. Patients undergoing a CT scan without contrast need not follow any specific recommendations. They should only provide all relevant information during their medical history, including diabetes, pregnancy, medications, asthma, allergies, implants, pacemakers, other implanted devices, or any chronic disease.

  1. Check when to do an ultrasound of the pleural cavity.

What does a chest CT scan look like?

Chest computed tomography is performed while fully clothed. Lie down on the table and stay still. During this time, the tomograph ring will carry out the examination within a few to several minutes. The radiologist will communicate with the patient and give commands such as holding the breath. Typically, a CT result with description is ready in 2 or 3 days.

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