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Not always a regular x-ray allows you to clearly see all the changes in the damaged limb. Then tomography comes to the rescue.
Brief information
Computed tomography is an X-ray examination technique. Diagnosis is aimed at studying bone elements using images. The technique is unique: it allows you to see the smallest elements, examine the structure of the smallest structures and recreate them using special computer processing. It is also possible to visualize soft structures and vascular elements.
Work principles
Today, this technique is the leader in the accuracy of detecting changes in the bones. The principle of operation is based on X-rays. They pass through tissue structures, translucent them. The intensity of the image depends on the density of the structures. It has been proven that the denser the elements under study, the longer the rays are retained in them. Therefore, bone structures appear lighter in the images, salt deposits have a whitish color, and empty areas, liquid structures are black.
The technique is especially valuable in cases with fractures and bone diseases. If the limb is injured with the likelihood of muscle damage or ligament rupture, then it is more appropriate to use contrast or MRI in the diagnosis.
Preparing for diagnostics
Conventional tomography does not require special preparatory procedures, so it can be performed immediately after the appointment. If there is a need for additional administration of contrast, it is important to come to the study on an empty stomach (meal should be 6 hours before the procedure). Moreover, CT with contrast will require blood tests for urea and creatinine.
Procedure
The study is carried out in the supine position on a special table in the tunnel of the apparatus, where, gradually moving, the patient moves. The tomograph ring rotates while taking pictures. There is no discomfort or pain during the procedure. In this case, the patient must be motionless. This is a guarantee of image clarity.
The specialist who manages the entire scanning process (X-ray technician) is located in an adjacent room. Between the rooms there is a window that allows the doctor to directly monitor the examination process. Communication is possible only with the help of a speakerphone, which is equipped with each tomograph. To call a doctor, there is a special button, which is located by the patient during the procedure.
In fact, the scanning process takes no more than 10 minutes. The technique with contrast lasts up to half an hour.
After diagnosis, the patient must necessarily drink plenty of fluids if contrast was used. This is necessary to cleanse the body of it in a short time.
What is contrast?
Contrast is a specific iodine substance that is necessary for maximum clarity of visualization of the examined elements. It is administered parenterally immediately before diagnosis. It has no effect on the patient’s condition.
When it enters the bloodstream, the contrast element stains the vessels, gradually accumulating in them. This allows a closer look at the area under study. The dosage of the element is always selected individually, as it depends on the age and weight of the patient.
Indications for the procedure
A similar procedure in the wrist area is performed according to strict indications. The results of the study are applicable in many branches of medicine. Bone formations in this area are small, it is not always possible to study them with x-rays.
Often the procedure is prescribed for diagnosis:
- soreness;
- severe arthritis of the articular elements;
- to control the degree of bone fusion after a fracture;
- for implant planning.
The technique reveals degenerative-dystrophic changes in bone tissue.
Tomography additionally shows all possible pathologies of the articular, bone and ligamentous apparatus.
The technique is indispensable in preparation for reconstructive surgery. Diagnosis is indicated to monitor the effectiveness of therapy after surgery.
List of contraindications
It is forbidden to carry out the procedure for expectant mothers at any stage of pregnancy. It is not available for children under 14 years of age. X-ray influence on a growing organism can significantly harm – this is what experts are afraid of.
Studies with contrasting have additional contraindications: it is not used in the presence of intolerance to contrast elements, in particular iodine. It is impossible to prescribe diagnostics for severe hepatic, renal or heart failure, a serious condition of the patient, and thyrotoxicosis. According to experts, CT with contrast should not be prescribed to lactating women. In severe cases, when a study is necessary, CT is still prescribed, but after it, you should not breastfeed for at least 48 hours.
Advantages
CT scans take images that show more than just bones. These images can be presented in different planes. They are highly detailed. As a result, the technique accurately detects the slightest changes that are not visible in another study. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated several times, the exposure is minimal.
Score
CT-conclusion is always handed over after decoding. The evaluation of the obtained data is done by the radiologist. The result can be obtained within a quarter of an hour.
It is important to show the results to the doctor or specialist whose work is related to the identified pathology. Only by bringing together all the studies and evaluating the clinical picture, the doctor makes the final diagnosis.