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Computed tomography of the lumbosacral spine is one of the modern diagnostic methods to identify pathologies of the spinal column. The advantage of this study lies in the complete visualization of not only the vertebrae themselves, but the ligamentous elements and muscle tissue.
After performing the research procedure, the specialist receives images that contain layered images of the area under study. The result of one diagnostic is from 50 to 300 black and white images. Their exact number depends on the slice thickness specified by the diagnostician. This parameter is influenced by the ultimate goal of the study.
What can be seen on CT
CT scan of the lumbosacral spine is prescribed by the attending physician in order to confirm or refute a number of pathologies.
Computed tomography can show the following defects of the spinal column: anomalies and pathologies of the spinal canal; congenital or traumatic pathologies of the vertebrae; deformities of the lumbar spine that occur against the background of injuries and diseases; intervertebral hernia; the presence of neoplasms and metastases; degenerative-destructive processes; the presence of foci of hemorrhage.
A timely diagnostic study allows you to notice the primary foci of the development of the disease, which makes it possible to prevent serious consequences for the body.
In addition, in the pictures you can see the symptoms of a number of other diseases that are not associated specifically with the defeat of the lumbosacral region. For example, arthritis or tuberculosis.
Indications for CT
The diagnostic procedure is indicated for patients who have a history of chronic diseases or congenital pathologies of the spinal column. There are diseases that can provoke degenerative processes of the vertebrae or ligamentous elements; severe infection in the body; trauma; chronic back pain.
Also, CT is a mandatory diagnostic method in preparing the patient for surgery.
Other indications for referral for computed tomography are:
- herniated disc or suspicion of it;
- rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis;
- pinched nerve;
- back injury;
- congenital pathologies of the spinal column;
- neoplasms in the lumbosacral region;
- impaired mobility and sensitivity of the legs;
- hemorrhage in the spinal cord;
- acute pain in the back, which is accompanied by an increase in body temperature.
Computed tomography, in comparison with other diagnostic methods (for example, radiography), allows you to see all the layers of the lumbosacral region from different angles. The images show even developing pathological processes that cannot be seen in other studies.
Additionally, the specialist assesses the condition of not only the spinal column, but also nearby organs. Such an integrated approach makes it easier to make an accurate diagnosis and significantly increases the patient’s chances for a full recovery.
Preparation for research
Special preparation for CT is not required. Immediately before the scan itself, the patient must remove all metal elements, including dentures and hearing aids. If there are implants, the patient must inform X-ray technicianThe that will execute the procedure.
Failure to follow these recommendations negatively affects the quality of the obtained images and may lead to an incorrect diagnosis.
Before the scan, the patient changes into the clothes given to him by the medical facility.
Features of the procedure
Computed tomography is based on the use of x-rays. But compared to standard radiography, the rays have a lower intensity, so the negative impact on the body is minimal.
The patient in the supine position is placed in the capsule of the diagnostic apparatus. Throughout the scan, which lasts from 5 to 7 minutes, the patient must remain motionless in this position. Irradiation is directed specifically at the studied section of the spinal column, while neighboring organs are not exposed to x-rays.
The dose of radiation that the patient receives during scanning does not exceed the established daily allowance. Therefore, it is allowed to repeat the CT procedure the number of times that is necessary to make a correct diagnosis or monitor the patient’s condition at the time of rehabilitation after surgery.
In some cases, there are indications for CT with a contrast enhancer.
Features of CT with a contrast enhancer
That clarify some changes, such as education, for example, lumbosacral region, X-ray contrast agents are used. The basis of such drugs is iodine.
Before carrying out the procedure with the use of radiopaque agents, a test for the sensitivity of the body to iodine-containing solutions is mandatory.
The presence of an allergic reaction is a contraindication to the appointment of the procedure. A sharp deterioration in the patient’s condition against the background of the introduction of a contrast agent is the basis for interrupting the diagnosis.
The radiopaque agent is administered intravenously to the patient. Photographs are deciphered by a qualified specialist – radiologist – at the end of the scanning process.
Limitations and contraindications
The advantage of CT is not only the accuracy of the results obtained, but also the painlessness of the procedure. However, there are complete contraindications and limitations to the use of this diagnostic method.
Complete contraindications include pregnancy and children’s age up to 3 years.
The limitation for CT is the period of breastfeeding. The patient’s body weight is also taken into account – if it is over 130 kg, another diagnostic method is indicated.
If there are reasons to carry out computer diagnostics using radiopaque agents, the reaction of the body to iodine-containing solutions must be taken into account.