Contents
Apple tree Currency is a productive winter variety. Caring for columnar varieties has its own characteristics that must be considered when growing them.
History of breeding
Columnar apple tree The currency was bred in 1986 by the scientists of the All- State Agricultural Academy in Moscow. Parent varieties: columnar KV6 and American OR38T17. Selection work was carried out by V. V. Kichina and N. G. Morozova.
The application for registration of the Varyuta variety in the state register was filed in 2001. After testing, information about the apple tree was entered into the state register in 2004.
Description of the variety and characteristics with a photo
Columnar apple tree The currency is recommended for cultivation in the Central region. The variety is winter and ripens late.
Mature tree height
The Currency apple tree is compact in size and reaches a height of about 2,5 m. Although the trees are considered semi-dwarf, they grow rapidly. The annual growth is up to 20 cm.
Fruit
Apples of the Currency variety are distinguished by their large size and weight from 130 to 240 g. The shape is correct, round-conical.
The color of the apples is light yellow, there are inconspicuous gray subcutaneous dots. A red blush appears in the sun. The pulp of the fruit is white, medium density, juicy and fine-grained.
Productivity
The ripening of the Currency variety occurs at a later date. The fruits are harvested in the first decade of October. Ripe apples stick to the branches and do not crumble. The fruits are suitable for winter storage.
Columnar apple tree Currency brings the first harvest for 3 years after planting. Productivity is rated at a high level.
For 4 years, 5-6 kg of apples are harvested from the tree. With constant care, the yield from an adult apple tree reaches 10 kg.
Winter hardiness
The variety Currency has a rather high resistance to winter frosts. Trees tolerate temperatures as low as -35 degrees. At the same time, drought resistance remains at an average level.
crown width
The crown is dense, columnar type, 20 cm wide. The shoots are medium in size, compactly arranged. The leaves are dark green, elongated. In autumn, the leaves do not turn yellow, but fall green.
Self-fertility
Variety Currency is self-fertile. When planting, a distance of 0,5 m is maintained between apple trees. 1 m is left between rows. To obtain a high yield, other columnar or ordinary varieties are planted between apple trees of the Currency variety.
Resistance to diseases
The variety Currency is characterized by increased resistance to scab. This feature is genetically determined. For the entire time of cultivation of the variety in the Moscow region, signs of scab were not recorded.
The frequency of fruiting
Fruiting variety Currency remains stable for 15-16 years. Then some of the rings dry out, and the yield drops. The life span of an apple tree is up to 50 years.
Tasting assessment
Currency apples have a sweet dessert taste and pronounced aroma. Tasting score – 4,5 points out of 5. Sourness is felt in the pulp. Taste qualities are preserved during long-term storage of apples.
Landing
The apple tree Currency is planted in a prepared place. Work is carried out in spring or autumn. The procedure for this does not depend on the landing period.
Site selection, pit preparation
For an apple tree, an open area is suitable, which is protected from the wind and remote from buildings, fences, and other fruit trees. The culture prefers light fertile soils.
A planting hole for an apple tree Currency is prepared 2-3 weeks before the work. This period is necessary for soil shrinkage. A pit measuring 50×50 cm is enough for a seedling. The depth depends on the length of the root system.
In the autumn
The columnar apple tree Currency is planted in September or October after leaf fall. The plant will have time to adapt to new conditions before the onset of cold weather.
When planting in the autumn, substances containing nitrogen are not introduced into the soil. Such fertilizers stimulate the development of shoots.
In the spring
For spring planting, it is better to prepare a hole in the fall. The soil is fertilized with compost (3 buckets), potassium sulfate (50 g) and superphosphate (100 g). Until spring, soil compaction and the dissolution of nutrients will occur.
The planting of the Currency apple tree is started after the snow melts and the soil warms up. Work is performed before bud break.
Care
Get a high yield helps regular care of the apple tree Currency. The tree needs watering, fertilizing and pruning. For the prevention of diseases and the spread of pests, spraying is carried out.
Watering and feeding
The root system of columnar apple trees does not go into the deep layers of the soil. Therefore, in spring and summer, young trees are watered every 3 days. In a drought, moisture will have to be applied every other day.
Mature trees need watering every week. Moisture is especially important during the flowering period of the apple tree. In mid-June, the intensity of irrigation is reduced, in August it is completely stopped. The last application of moisture is carried out in the fall to prepare the apple tree for winter and increase its frost resistance.
Watering the apple tree Currency is combined with top dressing. In early spring, before bud break, the trees are watered with slurry or an infusion of chicken manure.
Before flowering and during the pouring of fruits, the Currency apple tree is fed with a solution consisting of 50 g of superphosphate and 40 g of potassium sulfate. Fertilizer is poured under the root.
In autumn, after the end of fruiting, 100 g of potash and phosphorus fertilizer are placed in the near-trunk circle. It is better to refuse the use of substances with nitrogen in this period.
Preventive spraying
To protect trees from diseases and pests, preventive spraying is necessary. Processing of the variety Currency is carried out in early spring before the start of sap flow and in late autumn, when the crop is harvested. During the growing season, all spraying is stopped 3 weeks before the fruit is removed.
The apple tree Currency is sprayed with Bordeaux liquid or a solution of the drug Nitrafen. In the spring, a urea solution can be used for processing, which saturates the trees with nitrogen and destroys insects.
Trimming
The apple tree Currency is pruned in early spring before sap flow. The center conductor is not shortened so as not to cause excessive branching.
The columnar apple tree is cut into 3-4 eyes, then powerful branches will grow from them. If you leave 7-8 eyes, then shoots of medium strength will appear. Be sure to eliminate dry, broken and frozen branches.
Shelter for the winter, protection from rodents
In late autumn, the trunk of a young apple tree is treated with a solution of chalk and covered with spruce branches. Additionally, hilling and mulching of the near-stem circle with compost is carried out.
In adult trees, it is recommended to whitewash the trunk and only then proceed to shelter. After snow falls on the apple tree, Currency is covered with a snowdrift.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The main advantages of the Currency variety:
- unpretentiousness of trees;
- stable yield;
- increased frost resistance;
- commodity and taste qualities of fruits;
- compactness of trees;
- long shelf life of apples.
Among the shortcomings of the apple tree Currency are the following:
- fruiting period does not exceed 15 years;
- medium yield compared to other columnar varieties.
Prevention and protection against diseases and pests
The main diseases of the apple tree:
- Fruit rot. The disease is diagnosed by brown spots that appear on the fruit. The infection spreads rapidly and results in crop loss. For prevention, trees are sprayed with Bordeaux liquid or a solution of Horus.
- Powdery mildew. The causative agent of the disease are fungal spores. A grayish coating appears on the buds, leaves and shoots, which eventually becomes brown. Copper-based fungicides are used against the fungus.
- Brown spot. The appearance of small brown spots on the surface of the leaves indicates the spread of the disease. Bordeaux mixture and urea solution are effective against the lesion.
Pests cause the greatest damage to the apple orchard:
- Flower eater. An insect of the weevil family that feeds on swollen flower buds. After the flower beetle, the formation of the ovary does not occur.
- Aphid. A dangerous pest that can multiply rapidly and feed on plant sap. Most active at high temperature and humidity.
- Leaflet. Leafworm caterpillars eat the buds, buds and ovaries of the apple tree. The pest overwinters on young branches or in tree bark.
Conclusion
Columnar apple tree The currency is characterized by high productivity and high resistance to diseases. Fruits are suitable for daily diet or processing.
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