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Their essence is a sudden, usually preceded by nausea, expulsion of the stomach contents out through the esophagus and mouth.
The most common cause of vomiting is overloading the stomach with excess food content, with simultaneous secretory and digestive disorders in the stomach itself and stimulation of the so-called the emetic center in the central nervous system.
They are sometimes an expression of a reflex reaction in diseases of the duodenum, bile ducts and pancreas, and in some surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity, such as acute appendicitis, gastrointestinal obstruction, peritonitis, etc.
Various functional states or diseases of other organs and systems, such as pregnancy poisoning, mushroom poisoning, alcohol poisoning, drug poisoning, encephalitis or meningitis, acute chronic renal failure up to and including uremia (uremia), advanced liver failure, gallbladder stones or renal function, various neuropsychic reactions, acute gastroenteritis, etc. may also cause vomiting less frequently or more frequently. From a diagnostic point of view, the circumstances of vomiting, its frequency, volume, color, taste, content, etc. are very important.
The so-called fecal vomiting, appearing with gastrointestinal obstruction (intestinal obstruction, especially of the small intestine). Such vomit is foul, large in volume, yellow-brown in color, mostly liquid. They are conditioned by mechanical obstacles to intestinal patency. Hence, they are usually preceded by abdominal pain in the form of a wave increase.
A very urgent call for an ambulance, laying the patient in a quiet position, in a half-sitting position, placing a cold compress on the epigastric area (made of cold water or ice), and even giving pieces of ice to suck or swallow (no food may be given to the patient) require the so-called dusty vomiting, the content of which is brown, with brownish lint (resembling coffee grounds) and the above-mentioned faecal vomiting, as they may indicate bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, i.e. into the stomach or duodenum. It is very important to secure the contents of the vomit so that it can be assessed by the doctor called in in these conditions and sent for analytical tests.
Child vomiting – read more about this