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Sweet cherry Valery Chkalov appeared thanks to the efforts of domestic scientists. A number of advantages have made the variety popular in the field of large and small gardening. This species is resistant to cold and drought. He will please with an early rich harvest of juicy sweet fruits. Cherry variety Valery Chkalov is a famous variety, time-tested and connoisseurs of delicious berries.
History of breeding
Work on this type of cherry took several years. Central Genetic Laboratory. I. V. Michurin and Melitopol Experimental Station of Horticulture named after. M. F. Sidorenko jointly bred a new variety. Free pollination of the Caucasian Pink Cherry contributed to the emergence of a new type of seedlings. After the test procedures, the frost-resistant sweet cherry was named after the pilot – Valery Chkalov. The variety was entered into the State Register in 1974.
Description of the culture
Mild warm weather conditions are ideal for this variety. Recommended landing areas:
- North Caucasus;
- Rostov region;
- Stavropol region;
- Ingushetia, etc.
Sweet cherry Valery Chkalov grows up to 5-6 m. The trunk with brown bark is quite strong. The branches are strong, branched. The length of one sheet is 19 cm. The crown is sprawling, dense. The plant is stocky, stable. Dark red fruits are rounded, heart-shaped. Their weight is 6-8 g. The berries taste sweet, with sourness.
Features
The sweet cherry variety Valery Chkalov has important individual characteristics. They are an integral part of basic, high-quality plant care. The development of a tree, the formation of a crop are processes with certain subtleties and nuances. Planting this variety of sweet cherry will delight you with delicious fruits, healthy trees, if the characteristics of the Valery Chkalov variety are taken into account.
Drought resistance, winter resistance
The versatility of sweet cherries Valery Chkalov is one of the main advantages of the plant. The variety loves the sun, heat. It is mainly planted in regions with a mild climate. Despite this, the tree is quite frost-resistant. It tolerates low temperatures well. It is enough to properly plant, care for the plant so that it survives the cold with minimal damage.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening period
This type of cherry is not self-fertile. The yield will depend on other pollinators placed nearby. To do this, near the tree, they plant Skorospelka, June early, April, and others. Cherry blossoms Valery Chkalov early.
In May, the crown is covered with white flowers. Berries ripen a month after flowering. In 5-6 years after planting, the tree will please with a harvest.
yield, fruiting
Cherry variety Valery Chkalov brings a harvest every year. If the sweet cherry is planted in a warm climate, then up to 60 kg of berries can be harvested from one tree. In colder climates, the figure is halved. The number of berries on a tree depends on the age of the sweet cherry Valery Chkalov. A bountiful harvest will bring the plant after 10 years of growth.
Scope of berries
Cherry berries are used for:
- compote;
- jam;
- preserves;
- wine.
The fruit from the tree is a sweet dessert.
Disease and pest resistance
The sweet cherry variety Valery Chkalov is not resistant to diseases and pests. This is one of its specific features. The tree is affected by fungi: coccomycosis, gray rot. Proper care, preventive measures will minimize the destructive consequences of a negative impact.
Advantages and disadvantages
The tree has important advantages in comparison with other representatives of similar varieties:
- early maturation. Juicy fruits will delight with their sweet taste in early summer.
- High level of productivity. The tree produces a large number of large berries during one season.
- Frost resistance Cherry Valery Chkalov easily tolerates a drop in air temperature to -23 0C.
- Great taste, large fruit size.
Features of a tree that must be considered during planting, care, harvesting:
- Poor resistance to various diseases. For this reason, sweet cherry Valery Chkalov requires more thorough care.
- For the harvest, the variety needs additional pollinators.
- The berries are tender. They can easily be damaged or spoiled during transportation.
Features of landing
Planting a plant is an important stage in growth and development. Compliance with simple rules, recommendations for its implementation will ensure healthy, productive trees on the site.
Recommended dates
A favorable time for planting sweet cherry seedlings Valery Chkalov is early spring, before the buds swell. The plant should be rooted before the onset of cold weather.
Choosing the right place
A sunny place, protected from drafts, is ideal for planting Valery Chkalov sweet cherries. With proper care, the tree will grow on the site for more than ten years. During this time, it will spread a thick crown, take branched roots. These are important features that must be considered when choosing a landing site. Cherries should be placed at a distance of 5-6 m from buildings and other plants.
This type of cherry does not like waterlogging. It is important to monitor the level of groundwater at the landing site. They should lie at a level of 3-4 m underground.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby
There are several types of plants that can harm unpretentious cherries Valery Chkalov. You can not plant peppers, tomatoes, eggplants near the tree. Such neighbors are carriers of various diseases. They can lead to the death of the cherry. Oak, linden, birch have an overdeveloped rhizome. It will interfere with the development of the sweet cherry variety Valery Chkalov.
Selection and preparation of planting material
For planting sweet cherries, Valery Chkalov needs a standard set of materials:
- shovel;
- fertilizer;
- water;
- means for loosening the soil.
The main element of the planting process is a tree stalk. His choice is a responsible, important task. A suitable seedling is smooth, without peeling. Its foliage is bright, the rhizome is branched. The ideal cutting age for planting is 1-2 years. An older adult will have problems with the formation of the root system.
Landing algorithm
Preparation for spring planting begins in the fall:
- Before a cold snap, seedlings dig holes. They mix the soil, humus. Leave until next season.
- In the spring, before the direct planting of a young shoot, the soil is loosened, potassium, magnesium, and ash are added.
- A small stake is driven into the center of the recess. A stalk is tied to it. It will give stability to the young landing, help to take root.
- Cherry root Valery Chkalov is placed 5 cm above ground level. After sprinkled with soil, rammed.
- Around the handle form a kind of roller of the earth. It won’t let the water run out.
- For one seedling, you need to spend 2 buckets of water.
Culture aftercare
Caring for this variety of cherries includes a number of simple activities. There is a certain algorithm for watering, fertilizing, plant protection.
Cherry variety Valery Chkalov does not like excessive moisture. Watering should be regular, uniform, no frills. It takes place four times per season:
- before flowering;
- after flowering tree;
- a couple of weeks before harvest;
- in the middle of autumn, before the onset of cold weather.
During planting, the pit with the seedling is fertilized. This plant nutrition is enough for the first time. Particular attention should be paid to substances with a nitrogen content: for example, urea. You can use it one year after planting the plant. During the season, top dressing with urea is carried out three times.
Crown pruning is necessary for proper development, protection from pests, diseases. Tree formation is carried out in two ways:
- Classic. One main and 5-6 skeletal branches. The tree grows up to 8-9 m.
- Bush. In the first year after planting, the tree is pruned to 50-60 cm. During the season, it will acquire a large number of side branches. The following spring, the branches are shortened by 1/5 of the total length. Dry shoots are carefully removed. Shoots growing vertically are pulled at a right angle. Thanks to this, the maximum height of the tree will be 2-3 m. This will not affect the amount of the crop.
Preparing for winter involves whitewashing the stem of the plant, covering it with additional materials. The trunk, partially the branches are covered with burlap, insulated with peat.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
| Name of the disease | period of infection | Manifestation | Method of struggle, prevention |
| Kokkomikoz | July August | A pink bloom forms on the lower part of the sheet, and blotches on the upper part. In the future, they increase, turning into holes. Leaves fall. The tree is weakening. The fruits do not reach maturity | As a treatment, Bordeaux liquid, copper oxychloride are used. The preparations are sprayed on the affected areas. The main preventive measures: the elimination of spoiled foliage, fruits, weeding, timely fertilization of the soil, plants |
| Moniliasis | Warm season, flowering period | Small formations with fungal spores appear on the inflorescences. The berries are rotting. Leaves turn yellow, fall off. Moniliosis proceeds very quickly. Cherries can die if measures are not taken in time | Copper sulfate, Bordeaux liquid are the best means to combat moniliosis. Sick branches, leaves must be cut, burned |
| Klyasterosporiosis | Summer period | Spots appear on the leaves, from which holes are formed | Damaged areas are cut off, treated with a solution of copper sulfate |
| cherry fly | May June | Lays eggs in fruits. Worms come out of them. They feed on the pulp of berries, spoil them | Treat the tree with infusion of onion peel. Remove affected shoots, fruits. As a preventive measure, special sticky fly traps are hung on the cherry. |
Conclusion
Cherry Valery Chkalov is a great option for planting in a garden plot. The variety will delight with delicious juicy berries in the first summer month. An unpretentious tree in care is popular among summer residents, commercial gardeners.
