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When choosing cherries, gardeners often prefer well-known and time-tested varieties. One of them is the Turgenevskaya variety, which has been grown in garden plots for over 40 years.
History of breeding
Cherry Turgenevskaya (Turgenevka) was bred by the All- Research Institute of Selection of Fruit Crops in the Orel Region. Turgenevka was obtained by pollination of the Zhukovskaya variety. Work on it was carried out by breeders T.S. Zvyagin, A.F. Kolesnikova, G.B. Zhdanov.
The variety was sent for testing, according to the results of which in 1974 it was included in the State Register.
Description of the culture
Features of the Turgenevskaya cherry tree:
- average force of growth;
- tree height from 3 to 3,5 m;
- crown of medium density, in the form of an inverted pyramid;
- straight brown branches of medium length;
- kidneys 50 mm long, in the form of a cone;
- the bark of the trunk is brown with a bluish tint;
- leaves are dark green, narrow, oval, with a sharp tip;
- the sheet plate has the shape of a boat and a glossy surface.
Inflorescences consist of 4 flowers. The petals are white and close to each other. Flower size is about 2,4 cm.
Characteristics of Turgenevka cherry fruits:
- average weight 4,5 g;
- size 2h2 cm;
- wide heart shape;
- in ripe fruits, the skin has a rich burgundy color;
- dense and juicy pulp;
- sweet-sour taste:
- cream bones weighing 0,4 g;
- stalks about 5 cm long;
- the bones are well separated from the pulp;
- tasting score – 3,7 points out of 5.
The Turgenevka variety is recommended for cultivation in the following regions:
- Central (Bryansk region);
- Central Black Earth (Belgorod, Kursk, Oryol, Voronezh, Lipetsk regions);
- North Caucasus (North Ossetia).
Photo of the Turgenevka cherry tree:
Features
According to gardeners’ reviews about Turgenevka cherry, its resistance to drought, frost, diseases and pests deserves special attention.
Drought resistance, winter resistance
Cherry Turgenevka is characterized by medium resistance to drought. In hot weather, it is recommended to water the trees, especially during the flowering period.
Variety Turgenevskaya has a high winter hardiness. Trees tolerate temperatures as low as -35 °C.
Flower buds are moderately cold hardy. The variety is subject to spring frosts and sudden temperature changes.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening period
Flowering occurs in medium terms (mid-May). The ripening period for Turgenevskaya cherries is the beginning or middle of July.
The Turgenevka variety is partially self-fertile and is able to produce crops without pollinators. To increase productivity, sweet cherries or other varieties of cherries with a similar flowering period are planted in the immediate vicinity of the tree.
The best pollinators of Turgenevka cherries are Lyubskaya, Favorit, Molodezhnaya, Griot Moskovsky, Melitopolskaya joy. In the presence of pollinators, the shoots of the tree are strewn with fruits and often bend under their weight to the ground.
yield, fruiting
The fruiting of the Turgenevka variety begins 4-5 years after planting. The life span of a tree is 20 years, after which the cherry needs to be replaced.
A young tree bears about 10-12 kg of fruit. The yield of an adult cherry is about 20-25 kg.
After ripening, the fruits do not crumble and remain hanging on the branches. Under the sun, their flesh withers and becomes sweeter in taste.
Scope of berries
Cherry Turgenevka is suitable for home canning: making juices, compotes, jams, tinctures, syrups, fruit drinks. Due to the sour taste, the fruits are rarely used fresh.
Disease and pest resistance
Variety Turgenevka is characterized by medium resistance to diseases and pests. Most often, signs of moniliosis and cocomycosis appear on the trees. Variety care involves preventive spraying.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of the Turgenevka variety:
- high and stable yield;
- large fruits;
- good winter hardiness;
- transportability of fruits.
Before planting the Turgenevka variety, its main disadvantages are taken into account:
- sour taste of fruits;
- yield dependence on pollinator;
- precocity is below average.
Features of landing
Turgenevskaya cherry planting is carried out at a certain time. The fruiting of the variety depends on the correct choice of a place for cultivation.
Recommended dates
Planting work is carried out in autumn in September or October, when the leaf fall passes. It is important to plant cherries before a cold snap so that the seedling has time to take root.
During spring planting, work begins after the soil warms up, but before bud break. The best time for landing is the second decade of April.
Choosing the right place
Cherry prefers places well lit by the sun. The tree is planted on a hill or on a flat area. It is not recommended to place cherries in places with high groundwater flow or in lowlands where moisture accumulates.
The culture grows well in drained soil: loam or sandstone. Acidic soil is not suitable for growing cherries. Lime or dolomite flour will help reduce acidity, which is buried to the depth of a shovel bayonet. A week later, the soil is fertilized with compost.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Cherry Turgenevka gets along well with other shrubs. Next to the tree at a distance of 2 m, other varieties of cherries, grapes, mountain ash, hawthorn, sweet cherries, and honeysuckle are planted. The exception is raspberries, currants and sea buckthorn.
Apple, pear, apricot and other fruit crops are best removed from cherries by 5-6 m. Their crown creates a shadow, and the roots absorb many useful substances.
Beds with tomatoes, peppers and other nightshades are not arranged near the plantings. You should also remove the Turgenevka variety from birch, linden, maple and oak.
Selection and preparation of planting material
For planting, a two-year-old seedling of the Turgenevka variety is chosen up to 60 cm high and a trunk diameter of 2 cm. There should be no signs of decay, cracks or other damage on the roots and shoots.
After purchase, the roots of the seedling are kept in clean water for 3-4 hours. You can add the Kornerost stimulant to the water.
Landing algorithm
The order of planting cherries Turgenevka:
- At the chosen place, they dig a hole 70 cm in size and 50 cm deep.
- The pit is left for 3-4 weeks to shrink. If the cherry is planted in the spring, you can prepare the hole in the late fall.
- 1 kg of ash, 20 g of potassium sulfate and 30 g of superphosphate are added to the fertile soil.
- The soil mixture is poured into a hole, then a seedling is placed in it.
- Cherry roots are straightened and covered with earth.
- The soil is well compacted. The seedling is watered abundantly.
Culture aftercare
Dry, weak, broken and frozen shoots are removed from Turgenevka cherries. Pruning is done before or after the growing season.
To prepare for winter, the tree is watered abundantly in late autumn, after which the trunk is spudded. The soil in the trunk circle is mulched with humus. To protect against rodents, spruce branches are tied to the trunk.
Full feeding of Turgenevka cherries begins 3 years after planting. In early spring, the tree is watered with mullein infusion. During the flowering period and after it, 50 g of superphosphate and potassium salt are embedded in the soil.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The main diseases that cherries are susceptible to are shown in the table:
Disease | Symptoms | Control measures | Prevention |
Moniliasis | Leaves, flowers and tops of shoots dry up. Over time, gray growths appear on the bark. | Spraying with Bordeaux liquid or Kuprozan solution. |
|
Cocomycosis | The spread of brown dots on the leaves, under which a pinkish bloom appears. | Spraying with Bordeaux liquid and a solution of copper sulfate. | |
Spotting | Brown or yellow spots on the leaves, drying of the pulp of the fruit. | Spraying with a 1% solution of copper sulfate. |
The most dangerous cherry pests are shown in the table:
Pest | Signs of defeat | Control measures | Prevention |
aphid | Leaves rolled into a tube. | Treatment with insecticide Fitoverm. |
|
cherry fly | The larvae feed on the flesh of the fruit, which rots and falls off. | Spraying with insecticides Aktara or Spark. | |
Plodojorka | The larvae feed on the fruit, resulting in crop loss. | Treatment of cherries with benzophosphate. |
Conclusion
Cherry Turgenevka is a proven variety, productive and winter-hardy. The fruits are inferior in taste to modern varieties, but are well suited for processing.
Reviews
