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Cherries are traditionally a southern crop. Thanks to the work of breeders, it is gradually moving north. But most varieties are designed for growing in conditions of warm summers and slight winter frosts. It is to these that the varieties of sweet cherries, united by the name Rossoshanskaya, belong. Rossoshanskaya Golden cherry stands out especially: a description of the variety, photos, reviews about it will be given below.
History of breeding
Under the name Rossoshanskaya hides not one, but three varieties at once. All of them were bred at the Rossoshanskaya experimental station, which is located in the vicinity of Voronezh, that is, in the Central Black Earth region. The originator of sweet cherry varieties called Rossoshanskaya is the breeder Voronchikhina A.Ya.
They are not currently included in the State Register, but they were previously there. These varieties are very popular with gardeners in Ukraine and the southern regions of Our Country for their undoubted merits, as evidenced by the reviews of Rossoshanskaya black, large and gold cherries. Let’s give a description of the Rossoshanskaya sweet cherry for each species.
Description of the culture
The common name combines trees that are dissimilar in appearance to fruits and varietal characteristics.
Rossoshanskaya large
The description of the cherry variety Rossoshanskaya large should start with the fruits. Her berries are really large, reaching a mass of 6,7 g. Their shape is round – oval, slightly flattened laterally, the color is very beautiful, rich maroon.
The crown of the Rossoshanskaya large tree has an average density, a pyramidal shape with vertically growing branches. This variety is great for growing in small garden plots, since the tree is compact and short in growth – no more than 4 m. During flowering, the Rossoshanskaya large sweet cherry is very decorative due to large snow-white flowers.
The variety is intended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region.
Rossosh black
Far from every variety can boast of such dark berries as the Rossoshanskaya black cherry. They are really almost black with a barely noticeable burgundy tint. Large rounded berries have a very small stone and dense pulp. If they are fully ripe, it is easy to tear them off the stalk – the separation is dry, the stone also separates easily.
Photo of cherry Rossoshanskaya black:
According to the description of the Rossoshanskaya black cherry variety, a low tree does not grow above 3 m. It is convenient to care for it and it is easy to pick berries. The neat crown has the shape of a pyramid. The foliage is strong, especially in young shoots.
Reviews of Rossoshanskaya black cherries say that it gives an excellent harvest in the North Caucasian, Central Black Earth and Lower Volga regions, where it is zoned. There it is grown not only in home gardens, but also industrially.
Rossoshanskaya gold
Let’s start with the description of the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry variety with the fact that it fully justifies its name. Sunny-colored fleshy berries have a mass of up to 7 g. The description of the Golden cherry says that the tree, illuminated by the sun all day, gives berries with a pinkish tint. Photo of golden cherry.
The fruits are heart-shaped, slightly flattened on the sides. This variety is among the ten most delicious and sought after. Reviews about Golden Rossoshanskaya cherries are usually enthusiastic, and there is a reason: a tasting score of 5 points is an excellent characteristic of berries. A barely noticeable sourness and a honey tint in taste make it unlike the berries of other varieties, this is always noted in the description of the Golden cherry variety. There are not so many trees with yellow fruits among cherries, but even against their background, it compares favorably, which confirms the description of the Rossoshanskaya yellow cherry variety. The fruits are well transported, as the pulp has a dense structure and a dry separation from the stalk.
The description of the variety Rossoshanskaya gold will be incomplete, if not to say about the dimensions of the tree. For small gardens, it is very convenient that it has a low growth force – no more than 3 m. Like other varieties from this series, the crown is pyramidal, leafy to an average degree.
Photo of golden cherry:
Video about Rossoshanskaya gold cherries:
Features
The characteristic of the Rossoshanskaya cherry variety will fully show the characteristics of each variety, their suitability for growing in a garden plot.
Drought resistance, winter resistance
Cherry does not like stagnant water, she prefers drought to him. Such drought resistance is possessed by all varieties of cherries from the Rossoshanskaya series, except for Golden. It is demanding on the moisture content, but its excess harms it. Rossoshanskaya black perfectly tolerates high temperatures without damage to the crop.
The frost resistance of the Golden cherry is at an average level: due to early flowering, it inevitably falls under return frosts in the middle lane. In this case, the harvest does not wait. But in the south of them it is fenced. In Large and Black frost resistance is higher, but to the north of the Chernozem region in frosty winters, flower buds can freeze slightly. There are also frost cracks on the bark.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening period
Rossoshanskaya gold blooms already in April, and ripens at the end of June, which is an average period for the southern regions. This tree is self-fertile, so there must be other varieties nearby, for example, the Ovstuzhenka cherry or the Miracle Cherry cherry-cherry hybrid. These are the best pollinators for Rossoshanskaya golden cherries.
Rossoshanskaya black blooms in May and ripens later – in mid-July. The variety is partially self-fertile, but in the presence of pollinators gives a higher yield.
Rossoshanskaya large ripens late, is partially self-fertile and bears fruit better in the neighborhood with other cherries.
yield, fruiting
Already in the fourth or fifth year, depending on the care, the trees begin to give the first berries. In the future, the yield is constantly growing and reaches 25 kg per adult tree in the Rossoshanskaya large and Rossoshanskaya black varieties, which is quite a lot, given their height. Golden Rossoshanskaya has an average yield, but this disadvantage is compensated by the excellent taste of the fruit.
Scope of berries
The taste of all these varieties is dessert, so most of the crop is eaten fresh, the rest is processed into compote or jam.
Disease and pest resistance
It is in varieties of sweet cherries, united by the name Rossoshanskaya – medium. Therefore, preventive treatments are needed.
Advantages and disadvantages
Cherry varieties Rossoshanskaya gold, large, black have good consumer qualities. Let’s consider their advantages and disadvantages on the example of Rossoshanskaya gold cherries. For convenience, we summarize them in a table.
Advantages | Disadvantages |
Great taste | Average frost resistance |
Good transportability | Average yield |
Stable fruiting | Self-infertility |
Compact tree dimensions | Average resistance to diseases and pests |
Black and Large have better winter hardiness compared to Golden, resistance to diseases is also higher.
Features of landing
Like every fruit crop, the Golden Rossoshanskaya sweet cherry has its own growing characteristics. They must be taken into account so that the trees can reach their full potential.
Recommended dates
A feature of Rossoshanskaya golden cherries is large annual growth. In a young tree, they may not ripen before the onset of winter and eventually freeze, so the autumn planting of these trees is not very desirable. In the spring they are planted immediately after the soil warms up.
Autumn planting is possible only after the end of leaf fall, provided that there will be at least another month before the onset of frost, so that the tree has time to take root.
Choosing the right place
For planting Rossoshanskaya yellow cherries, an elevated place is chosen without stagnation of cold air. It must meet the following conditions:
- be protected from cold winds;
- illuminated throughout the day;
- groundwater standing should be low;
- water should not accumulate or stagnate there;
- loose, well-structured soils are preferred; loams or sandy loams with a neutral reaction are suitable.
For growing Rossoshanskaya gold cherries, places where cold air accumulates are not suitable, in winter the temperature there is several degrees lower, which causes frosting of the shoots.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Cherry Rossoshanskaya gold is quite picky in relation to neighbors. It is best for her to grow next to the cherry plum or plum. Cherry as a neighbor does not suit the cherry, just like the apple tree. But with any berry bushes, it gets along well.
Selection and preparation of planting material
The largest assortment of cherry seedlings on sale is in the fall, when the time for planting them is not considered favorable. At this time, you can choose a high-quality Golden Cherry tree, it can safely overwinter in a buried form, waiting for spring planting.
What criteria should a seedling meet:
- it must be vaccinated – the vaccination site is clearly visible.Warning! Seedlings propagated from seeds do not always repeat parental traits.
- the presence of a powerful root system: – from 2 to 4 branched shoots and a good root lobe;
- the roots should have a whitish-green color and an elastic state;
- shoots – easy to bend, and the bark on them does not peel off.
Landing algorithm
If the soil does not meet the requirements for the growth of cherries, it must be improved by adding sand, clay. For every sq. m contribute:
- up to 10 kg of rotted organic matter;
- up to 200 g of complete mineral fertilizer.
With an acidic soil reaction, it is limed in the season preceding planting.
It is carried out as follows:
- prepare a pit up to 60 cm deep and up to 80 in diameter;
- a stake is driven into the hole – a tree will be tied to it after planting.Council! In the process of preparation, the top layer of soil 25 cm high must be set aside.
- mix it with 15 kg of well-ripened humus;
- from mineral fertilizers, 60 g of potassium sulfate are used (can be replaced with 300 g of ash) and 120 g of superphosphate;
- 2/3 of potash and phosphorus fertilizers should be laid on the bottom of the pit and sealed with loosening, the rest is mixed with part of the fertile soil, a mound is formed from it by about 1/3 of the height of the pit;
- the seedling is placed on it, carefully spreading the roots on the sides, and covered with prepared soil;
- when they are half covered with earth, a bucket of water is poured into the pit.
You need to carefully monitor the position of the root neck. It should not be buried in the soil. It is better if the root neck protrudes a couple of centimeters above it. After the soil settles, it will be located at the desired level.
The tree is watered, compacting the soil before that. A roller around the trunk circle will help the water not spread. A thin layer of peat or humus is laid so that the moisture in the soil remains longer. Mandatory operation – garter seedling and shortening the central and side shoots by about 1/3.
Culture aftercare
Sweet cherries are sensitive to the presence of moisture in the soil. It is optimal to organize drip irrigation for it and mulch the trunk circle with mowed grass.
The tree should be fed with nitrogen fertilizers in the spring. In early July, they give top dressing with complex fertilizers, and in September – with phosphorus and potash.
This culture grows very quickly, sometimes the annual growth can be up to one meter, so constant formation is necessary.
To lower the height of an adult tree, the central conductor is removed with the onset of fruiting. After thinning the crown, the sweet cherry should have a sparse tiered appearance, in each of the tiers there are three skeletal branches. From one tier to another, it should be 50 cm. Annual growths are cut off especially carefully, since flower buds are located at their base.
If Rossoshanskaya golden cherries are grown in areas with cold winters, in the first 3-4 years of life, the tree is carefully protected from frost, wrapping it with spruce branches and non-woven covering material. For the winter, the root zone must be mulched with a layer of humus. In autumn, the trees are whitewashed with lime mortar, to which a fungicide is added. The young stem is protected from rodents with a special mesh. Trees that received moisture-charging watering in the fall will endure winter frosts much better.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Cherry Golden Rossoshanskaya is loved not only by people, but also by pests. With an average resistance to fungal diseases, it requires mandatory preventive treatments from them. The main diseases of the Golden Rossoshanskaya sweet cherry and measures to combat them can be summarized in a table.
Name | Manifestation | How to fight |
Brown and fruit rot | Brown spots on leaves and berries | Copper-containing fungicides |
Klyasterosporiosis | Spots, and then holes on the leaves, which eventually fall off. The fruits dry up. | Prophylactically treated with copper-containing fungicides. Treated with Nitrafen, excluding the flowering period and 3 weeks before harvesting |
Kokkomikoz | Pink spots on the front side of the sheet and a pink coating on its underside | Triple treatment with Hom, Topaz: on a green cone, after flowering and harvesting |
Moniliasis | Shoots, leaves dry up, berries rot | Treatment with Nitrafen and Oleocuprite before and after flowering |
Antraknoz | Pink dots appear on the berries. They dry up | Three times treatment with Polyram, the terms are the same as for coccomycosis |
Cherry moniliosis:
Of the pests on the Rossoshanskaya golden cherry, you can most often notice various sawflies, from which Iskra-M and Piriton help.
Slimy Sawfly:
Cherry and pear pipe rolls roll the leaves into a tube, then they dry out. Fight them with Carbophosphate.
From the cherry weevil, which damages all the green parts of the plant, use Karbofos or Intavir.
It also helps with cherry aphids. Cherry shoot moth and cherry fly are destroyed with the Spark preparation.
Conclusion
Cherry Rossoshanskaya yellow is one of the best cherries in the entire world assortment. Gardeners love her for the excellent taste of berries, despite the fact that she is quite demanding in growing. Golden Rossoshanskaya sweet cherry gives high yields in those regions where it is zoned. Fans of experimenting can grow it in the middle lane, forming it in the form of a bush.