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In more than a century, Odrinka cherries have been able to move several hundred kilometers north of their usual growing latitudes thanks to breeders. The fruits of the Odrinka sweet cherry variety are distinguished not only by their resistance to drought and frost, but also by their taste properties, for which the culture is very much appreciated by farms and simple lovers of garden and fruit trees.
History of breeding
Odrinka cherries used to be cultivated in the south. At the end of the 19th century, I. V. Michurin began to develop a plan for “moving” sweet cherries to more severe climate regions. As an experiment, the Firstborn and Swallow cherries were used. As a result of crosses and long work, varieties with unsweetened fruits were obtained that could not satisfy Michurin’s desires. In the prewar years, F.K. Teterev, who lived in Leningrad, took up this business. At the VIR station, he crossed Zorka and Red dense cherry.
The research result survived the harsh winters of those times. And so Odrinka was born – sweet cherries, which are suitable for growing in the middle climatic zone. M. V. Kanysheva, A. A. Astakhov, L. I. Zueva are considered to be the authors of the Odrinka 3-14 x 3-36 sweet cherry breeding number. The tree was entered into the State Register in 2004 for the Central Region.
Description of the culture
Odrinka cherries grow in all parts of Europe except the north, as well as in Bulgaria and Poland. In the CIS countries, it is found in Moldova, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. On the territory of Our Country, it is grown in the Krasnodar Territory, although there are private reserves in Moscow that practice breeding varieties for this climatic zone. The Odrinka cherry tree has small dense crowns. The height of Odrinka is average. The buds are small, like the leaves – generative ovoid. Deviate from the escape to the side. The petiole is small, has 2 glands. In the inflorescence of the Odrinka cherry, there are only 3-4 flowers, which cannot be called large. The petals are white, the corolla is saucer-shaped.
The fruits weigh 5-7 grams, and their height reaches 2,5 cm. The width of the cherry fruits is 2,4 cm. They are round, the funnel is narrowed, and the top is oval. There are clear light dots in the central part. Cherry juice Odrinka is red, fruit pulp is juicy, sweet, crimson in color. The stone occupies 6% of the volume, it is well separated from the fleshy fruit. According to the tasting assessments, Odrinka sweet cherries received 4,7 points.
Flowering Odrinka later, maturation is the same. Begins to bear fruit already in the 5th year after planting. The fruits appear on the bouquet twigs. Self-fertile tree, so pollinators are needed. The best of them are the trees Ovstuzhenka, Rechitsa, Revna. But the sweet cherry Odrinka tolerates harsh winters well, although it grows in warm latitudes. The average yield is 77 c/ha, and the maximum yield is 221 c/ha.
Features
Cherry Odrinka is winter-hardy. The tree, flowers and buds can survive early winter and spring. It never suffers from fungal diseases, and when affected, the quality of the fruit does not change. The following features are discussed in more detail.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness of sweet cherry Odrinka
Sweet cherry Odrinka freezes at a temperature of -16 0C, and in -12 0C already withstands the strong winds of the north. In summer, it feels great in the temperature range from +30 0C, which indicates a wide range of temperature regimes – it is very important for farmers that the crop does not suffer from a drop.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening period
Odrinka cherries are partially self-fertile, so pollinators need to be planted for better fruiting. Usually, 3 meters from Odrinka, two trees of the Rechitsa variety and one Revna are planted. These are late varieties, so pits need to be prepared in the fall. In the spring, you can prepare planting material, dig holes to prepare for next year. The flowering period falls in early spring, the fruits are harvested in autumn.
yield, fruiting
Cherry Odrinka gives an average harvest closer to June-July. If the tree grows in the southern regions, you should not expect a large harvest. May bloom in spring, but not for long.
Scope of berries
Odrinka cherries are used in the household and industry. Most often they are sent for export, since it is quite difficult to store the crop.
Disease and pest resistance
Coccomycosis tolerates well, also Odrinka is resistant to clasterosporiasis and moniliosis. Disease cherries are affected no more than 1 time in 2-3 years.
Advantages and disadvantages
Despite the variability of the climate where the cherry grows, it has the following advantages:
- Does not get sick and does not suffer from fungal diseases.
- Always bears fruit, even if the harvest is small.
- Odrinka loves both winter and summer.
Features of landing
Cherry Odrinka bears fruit better if there is an apiary nearby. Bees can also participate in pollination, as well as fruit trees. Cherries are planted in a hole and are preparing for wintering.
Recommended dates
It is best to prepare planting material in the summer, then by autumn the tree will be able to adapt. Odrinka will be able to overwinter in the first year, after which it is necessary to carry out processing in the spring.
Choosing the right place
Since the fruits should not be exposed to drafts, the Odrinka sweet cherry tree should be grown in a lowland. You need to choose the south side so that flowering occurs away from the winds and constant shade.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Fruit trees should not be planted near Odrinka, which can pollinate it with a “different variety”. It is allowed to plant pollinators, but 5 m from the seedlings. Otherwise, the branches of the crown will crush neighboring trees.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Odrinka seedlings are taken one- and two-year-old. So they quickly get used to winter, resistance to drought appears.
Landing algorithm
Prepare the hole like this:
- A hole is dug 70 by 70 wide and 60 cm deep.
- Trees can be planted 3 m apart.
- For the pit, an arable layer and a third of the manure are taken.
- For clay soil, sand is added.
- Limestone is placed at the bottom of the pit.
Odrinka must also have a support, otherwise it will bend in the process of growth. The cherry seedling is lowered by two thirds. After planting, it is tied up, and the ditch is compacted with earth. For good pollination, seedlings of two different varieties are planted at the same time.
During the flowering period, the sweet cherry is sprayed with a honey solution to attract the attention of pollinating bees.
Culture aftercare
Young Odrinka cherries need to be fed. Usually this is taken:
- Slurry – for May feeding 2 times a season, for trees older than 3 years – 3-4 times in June.
- Complex fertilizer add at a rate of 1 spoon to 1 bucket of water for each tree.
- Ash necessary for the stability of the immune system.
- Urea used before flowering so that the fruits are not attacked by insects.
Annual pruning is also needed. All branches that go inside the trunk are removed. The cuts are neat and even. Watering is carried out 2 times a year during drought.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Since Odrinka cherries are resistant to diseases, as a rule, they are not treated with any preparations. The only thing that can happen is a rodent attack. Prevention consists in the use of typical complex solutions that contain carbamides. The following medications are also recommended:
With clasterosporiasis, when holes and spots appear on the leaves | Diseased areas of the tree are removed, and solutions of copper sulphate are applied to clean ones. You can also treat cherries with garden pitch. Treatment is carried out before opening the kidneys |
Moniliosis that occurs in wet weather | Used for gray pillows. There are spores of mushrooms, from which the cherry leaf is wrinkled, and the berries dry up. |
An alternative remedy is Bordeaux mixture, which is applied twice a month with a break of 15 days after harvest. Sick branches are cut, foliage is removed, berries are collected | |
If the berries have undergone a disease, it is best not to eat the crop. Infection of branches and small branches is possible only in the presence of a rotten fruit.
Conclusion
Odrinka cherries are suitable for growing in regions of the middle lane with a temperate climate. In hot and cold countries, cherries should always be processed and cared for. Rodents rarely “attack” it, so it is considered a favorite fruit tree for many farmers. In the home garden, Odrinka will allow the owners to enjoy delicious berries even in the harsh winter, when there is not enough vitamins and sunshine.
