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Nature is generous with amazing gifts, so the Generous cherry was received from her by gardeners as a gift, it was not without human participation, people did not leave this gift unattended and made it so that many amateur gardeners would know about it. This cherry fully justifies its name, generously giving its fruits to caring garden workers.
History of breeding
Cherry Maksimovskaya (Generous) is the result of natural pollination of a seedling of the famous Ideal cherry variety and several other varieties. In 1959, S. Zhukov and N. Gvozdyukova, Sverdlovsk breeders, singled out the resulting variety as a separate culture, it was registered in the State Register in 1985 and zoned in the West Siberian region. In the future, Maksimovskaya cherry became widespread in Our Country, Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic countries.
Plant morphology
For successful cultivation of cherries, you need to know the structural features of the culture. The morphology for all varieties of this plant is the same, there are only small deviations, namely, for Maksimovskaya cherries:
- cherry roots are a core system. Its main root reaches a depth of 1,5 to 2,5 meters, so the plant is not afraid of a lack of moisture. Adnexal root processes are located throughout the rod, the closest to the surface are at a depth of 10-20 cm. When loosening, this must be taken into account so as not to damage them;
- aerial part – is formed in the form of a tree with one main trunk or a shrub with several perennial shoots;
- leaves – petiolate, saturated green color, jagged edges;
- Maximovskaya fruits are round shiny berries, which consist of a stone covered with a shell of juicy pulp, the larger the diameter of the berry, the easier the bones are separated during cleaning. Skin color is red.
Description of the culture
For many years, this wonderful plant has been giving its fruits to people, each time surprising with its generosity. Beginning gardeners will also be interested to know how this culture differs from other varieties, what characteristics the Shchedraya variety is famous for.
Cherry Maksimovskaya is a perennial fruit tree or shrub that has long settled in the individual gardens of many cherry lovers and in the vast territories of fruit and berry agricultural firms. Thanks to its high yield and many more of its qualities, it has earned the love of gardeners from different countries.
Photo of a flowering cherry tree of the Generous variety:
Cherry Maksimovskaya (Generous) reaches a height of 1,5 meters, branches of medium density in volume, the crown is compact, convenient for harvesting, the average life cycle is up to 35 years with proper care and care.
The fruits of Maksimovskaya cherries are smooth and shiny, juicy, the taste is sweet and sour (good and excellent). The average weight of one berry is 4,2 g.
This culture is very winter-hardy and drought-resistant. Growing Generous Cherry is possible both in the southern regions and in colder climates: in Siberia, the Urals, and the Volga region.
Features
Let us consider in more detail other characteristic features of the Generous (Maximovskaya) cherry.
Drought tolerance
In addition to natural moisture in the form of rain, the plant is watered 3 times per season: during flowering, during fruit ripening and after harvest. With a persistent drought, watering is carried out additionally, young seedlings require more frequent watering (up to 5 times).
Winter hardiness
Cherry is able to withstand low temperatures down to -45 ° C without any damage and additional shelters.
Pollination
This culture, according to the State Register, is partially self-fertile, that is, the tree independently forms from 7 to 20% of ovaries, but it needs pollinating plants to increase the yield and quality of fruits. For the Generous cherry, these can be varieties that bloom simultaneously with Maksimovskaya: Lyubskaya, Malinovka, Polevka and Subbotinskaya.
Flowering period
Cherry Maksimovskaya begins to bloom in late May or early June, depending on the region and weather conditions.
Ripening time, yield
Fruit ripening also depends on the climatic conditions of the area where the Maximovskaya cherry grows, for the Moscow region, the Urals or the Volga region – this is August-September. The average yield of Maksimovskaya cherries is 10-15 kg per adult plant per season.
fruiting period
The ripening period of the Generous cherry is greatly extended, the berries do not ripen at the same time, from July to September. It is necessary to harvest the crop in 2-3 stages.
Scope of berries
Cherry fruits are consumed both fresh and in various processed products: juices, jams, wines and jams.
Pest and disease resistance
The resistance of cherries Generous or Maksimovskaya to clasterosporiosis is noted. The main pests are cherry aphids and the slimy sawfly.
Advantages and disadvantages
For a long time of its existence, the Maksimovskaya (steppe, Generous) cherry variety has shown itself not only on the good side, but gardeners have identified some shortcomings.
Pros:
- crown compactness – ease of care and picking berries;
- unpretentiousness – good condition during frosts and satisfactory during drought;
- high yield, excellent taste of berries, versatility of their application.
Cons:
- extended period of fruit ripening;
- poor resistance to fungal diseases.
Features of landing
One or two-year-old seedlings are acquired in the fall and dug into trenches up to 30 cm deep, leaving a small upper part of 10-15 cm on the surface. In April, the seedlings are taken out of the shelter and determined for a permanent place.
Recommended dates
For stone fruit crops, to which Maksimovskaya cherry belongs, spring planting is the best option. The planting date is April, when the buds have not yet blossomed.
Choosing the right place
Generous (Maximovskaya) cherry loves areas well-lit by the sun, it should be planted on the south or south-west side of the garden. Low-lying, swampy and windswept places are not at all suitable for this plant.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby
When choosing a place for cherries, you need to take into account the positive and negative influence of neighboring plants on the vegetation of this crop. You can not plant cherry trees and bushes next to tall apple trees that will shade the cherry. Good neighbors will be: cherry (helps in pollination), mountain ash, grapes or elderberry (protects against aphids). Under the cherry bushes, you can not sow and plant vegetables of the nightshade family: tomatoes, potatoes, peppers and eggplants.
Selection and preparation of planting material
For planting Maksimovskaya, one or two-year-old seedlings with a well-developed root system, with buds that have not yet begun to grow, are chosen.
Landing algorithm
When planting Maksimovskaya cherry seedlings, the main attention should be paid to the following points:
- The landing pit is prepared in advance, 2-3 weeks before planting, or in the autumn.
- Hole size 40×40 cm, depth up to 50 cm.
- Distance from the nearest trees: tall (apple tree) – at least 5 meters, medium and low in growth – about 2-3 meters.
- A pit for planting at ½ depth is filled with compost, the necessary mineral fertilizers are added, the soil is mixed, and a seedling is placed in the hole.
- Sprinkle the plant with the top layer of fertile soil, then fill up the bottom, taken out of the pit when digging the soil. Saplings are watered, slightly compacted the soil, mulched with peat or tree bark.
Culture aftercare
Cherry pruning is done in the spring, when the buds on the tree have not yet woken up. It is necessary to trim excess and damaged branches in order to form a crown, reduce the density inside the bush and increase productivity.
For the winter, the frost-resistant Generous (Maximovskaya) does not need to be covered, it is only necessary to provide protection for the branches from hares and other rodents, if there are such pests.
The first 2-3 years before the start of active fruiting, the plant does not need to be fed. From the third year, the culture must be regularly fed with complex fertilizers and organic matter should be applied annually.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Protection from diseases and pests is the implementation of mandatory preventive spring treatments of cherries with fungicides: Bordeaux mixture, copper and iron sulphate.
From pests (aphids, sawfly), plants are sprayed with special solutions: karbofos, Fitoverma, Nitra preparation.
Every year the number of new varieties of cherries grows, but Maksimovskaya successfully withstands competition, constantly confirming its name – Generous, does not skimp on a plentiful annual harvest, does not cause problems for gardeners with diseases, and gives people tasty and juicy fruits.