Contents
Sweet cherry Gronkovaya is a very popular variety of Belarusian selection. The characteristics of the tree are so well chosen that growing Gronkow is profitable and easy enough.
History of breeding
A group of scientists from the Institute of Horticulture of the Republic of Belarus, Syubarova E.P., Zhuk V.S., Vyshinskaya M.I., Sulimova R.M., worked on the creation of the variety. To obtain the necessary properties, a mixture of cherry pollen and the Severnaya variety were crossed. The variety was entered into the State Register in 1999.
Description of the culture
The culture is vigorous, but the Gronkovaya cherry variety has an average height. The tree grows quickly, in adulthood it reaches a size of 4,5-5 m.
The crown of Gronkova is medium-dense, wide-pyramidal in shape. Shoots of medium length and thickness, grow straight. Skin brown.
The leaves are small compared to the usual size of cherry leaf blades. They have the shape of an ellipse with a pointed end, painted in dark green.
The fruits of Gronkova look like a heart, one-dimensional. The skin is dark red. The pulp is the same color, juicy. The small bone is easily separated. The weight of one berry is about 5-6 g.
The description of the Gronkovaya cherry variety should be continued by listing the taste parameters. The fruits are sweet, dessert taste. The tasting score of the Gronkovaya sweet cherry is 4,8 points.
The variety has received the greatest distribution in the regions of the Republic of Belarus – Mogilev, Gomel, Brest, Vitebsk, Grodno. It is also recommended to grow a variety in a region with similar climatic conditions – the North Caucasus or in the Astrakhan region.
An important addition to the description will be a photo of the Gronkovaya cherry.
Features
The main characteristic of the Gronkovaya sweet cherry variety is the ripening period. The species belongs to the early ones, therefore all other parameters depend on the characteristics of the development of early sweet cherries.
Drought resistance, winter resistance
Winter hardiness Gronkova high. Slightly inferior in parameter to plum, pear and apple. The variety is valued for its ability to tolerate low temperatures and frosts, but the tree needs shelter for the winter period. If the autumn events are carried out correctly, then the variety can withstand frosts up to 24 ° C. A number of factors influence the winter hardiness of Gronkova:
- application of fertilizers;
- preparations for winter;
- the location of the garden plot;
- terrain relief.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening period
Variety Cherries Gronkovaya refers to self-fertile. To get a good harvest, you need to plant other species nearby. The following pollinating varieties are best suited for Gronkovaya cherries:
- Rival;
- Živica;
- People’s;
- Sorrow;
- Ипуть;
- Hotel;
- Syubarovskaya.
Gronkova blooms in early spring, and the fruits are ready for harvest at the end of June.
yield, fruiting
The yield of the sweet cherry variety is high, the fruiting is regular annual, from 1 hectare they collect from 65 to 90 q of ripe berries. The value depends on compliance with agrotechnical requirements and climatic conditions of cultivation. The first crop of Gronkow is harvested in the 4th year after planting the seedling.
Scope of berries
The best use of the Gronkovaya variety is to enjoy fresh berries.
When the cherry ripens, the garden does not yet have enough vitamins. Therefore, the optimal type of blanks from early varieties is compotes. Jam or jams are best prepared from later varieties of cherries.
Disease and pest resistance
The Gronkovaya variety is highly valued for its resistance to diseases and pest attacks. The plant demonstrates the greatest immunity to the defeat of coccomycosis.
Advantages and disadvantages
Based on the description of the Gronkow cherries, a list of the pros and cons of this type can be compiled. Among the advantages gardeners note:
- regular high yield;
- winter hardiness;
- early ripening;
- decent taste and commercial qualities;
- precociousness;
- disease resistance.
And the disadvantages of the Gronkovaya variety are:
- self-infertility;
- short shelf life;
- average transportation rate.
Features of landing
Planting Gronkova cherries is a responsible matter. The right choice of place and time will ensure the good development of the plant.
Recommended dates
For a heat-loving plant in the southern regions, autumn will be the best time. Here, the winters are not severe, and the seedling will take root well, and will actively grow in early spring.
In the middle lane, the variety can be planted in spring and autumn. To choose when it is better – they are guided by the weather. Sharp drops in winter – it is better to plant in the spring, even calm winter – then autumn.
Choosing the right place
Good lighting is very important for cherries. In this case, it is necessary to plant a seedling so that it is not obscured by neighboring trees. The place should not be blown by strong winds, the occurrence of groundwater should not be closer than 2,5 m to the surface. To avoid moisture stagnation, gentle slopes or mounds are chosen for planting sweet cherries.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
According to the recommendations of farmers, cherries should be combined with other stone fruit crops. For example, Gronkova will grow well next to cherries, elderberries, grapes or hawthorn. But currants, gooseberries, raspberries or sea buckthorn are best placed on the other side of the garden. With a shortage of space, it is necessary to maintain a distance of at least 5 m between the Gronkovaya cherry and the apple or pear tree.
Selection and preparation of planting material
It is optimal to purchase seedlings at a time when the choice of planting material is most extensive. It is best to contact a specialized nursery in the fall. Important! Acquired seedlings of sweet cherry Gronkovaya must have a well-developed powerful root system and a graft trace.
The optimal height of an annual Gronkova tree is about 80 cm, a two-year-old tree is no more than 1 m. If the seedlings need to be transported to the site, then the roots are wrapped with a cloth soaked in water, covered with polyethylene on top.
Landing algorithm
Prepare the soil before planting. Mix garden fertile soil and humus in a ratio of 1: 2. If there is clay or peat soil on the site, then the landing pit will need to be completely filled with the prepared mixture, after selecting all the ground from there. Then:
- They dig a hole measuring 65 cm x 80 cm.
- Pour a mound from the prepared mixture.
- Install a seedling and a peg for tying.
- Straighten the roots.
- They fall asleep with soil, periodically shaking the tree and watering the ground with water.
- Lightly tamp the soil in the near-stem circle.
- Water the plant.
- Do formative post-planting pruning.
Culture aftercare
Growing sweet cherries Gronkovaya consists of a certain set of agrotechnical measures. The health and productivity of the tree depends on the quality and timeliness of their implementation.
Regular watering is especially necessary for a young seedling in the first year of life. Then, for adult trees, 3 waterings are left in the summer.
Weeding and loosening are also very important in the first 2-3 years. So that weeds do not
slaughtered a young plant, did not become carriers of diseases or pests.
It is problematic to get a good harvest of Gronkovaya cherries without pruning. The tree is pruned annually to prevent thickening of the crown.
The main fertilizers are applied in the fall for digging.
To protect against burns and the invasion of parasites, the trunks of the sweet cherry Gronkova white. Mature trees in the southern regions can winter without additional shelter. Young ones must be covered with burlap, spruce branches. Artificial materials are not used so that the trees do not sag.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The initial preventive treatment is carried out in early spring, until sap flow begins, and also in autumn during leaf fall. To do this, use a solution of urea (700 g per 10 liters of water).
Name of the disease | Control and prevention measures |
Klyasterosporiosis | Treatment with copper sulphate, Nitrafen, Bordeaux liquid. Cutting the affected parts of the tree |
Gray rot (moniliosis) | Spraying with Bordeaux liquid after flowering and 14 days after harvest. Removal of diseased shoots and affected fruits, burning of leaves |
Migratory pests (cherry aphid, cherry fly, leafworm) | Treatment with “Fitoverm”, “Akarin”, “Iskra-bio” |
Conclusion
Cherry Gronkovaya is a worthy early variety. High yields allow you to get useful fruits at a time when other crops are just starting to bloom.
Reviews
Reviews about the cherry Gronkovaya are very positive and enthusiastic.