Contents
Cherry Brunette is a versatile variety that is valued by gardeners for its excellent taste, frost resistance and high yield. In order for a fruit tree to bring a consistently high yield every year, it is necessary to follow the rules for planting and caring for this crop.
Description cherries Brunette
Cherry Brunette is a small medium-sized tree with a spreading spherical crown of medium density and rounded maroon fruits.
This culture is recommended for cultivation in the Central and Southern regions of Our Country.
The common cherry variety Bryunetka (Prunus Cerasus Bryunetka) was bred at the All- Selection and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery as a result of sowing seeds obtained from the free pollination of the Zhukovskaya variety. In 1995, the type of cherry Brunetka was accepted for state variety testing, and in 2001 it was included in the State Register for the Central Region.
Height and dimensions of an adult tree
The height of an adult tree is about 2-2,5 m (sometimes up to 3 m). The crown of this culture is not very dense, sprawling, has a spherical shape. Cherry foliage is dark green. The leaves are oblong, medium in size, the edges of the plate are with teeth. Umbrella-shaped inflorescences with white flowers and a pleasant pronounced aroma.
Despite the small size of the tree, the fruits of this crop have a fairly large weight and excellent tasting properties.
Description of fruits
Berries of cherries Brunettes have:
- rounded slightly flattened shape;
- maroon skin;
- pulp of a red shade with a delicate texture;
- an easily detachable small oval bone;
- pleasant sweet taste with slight sourness.
The average weight of the berries of this crop is 3-4 g. The fruits ripen by the end of July. Due to the fact that this variety is self-pollinating, the fruits are formed every year on last year’s growth. The application is universal.
The fruits of the tree are valued for their tender and juicy pulp.
Cherry Pollinators
Cherry Brunette is a self-fertile plant, it does not need additional pollinators. However, the presence of a number of crops of other varieties can increase the yield of the tree.
As pollinators for cherries, Brunettes use varieties:
- Vladimirskaya;
- In memory of Enikeev.
Main characteristics
Cherry Brunette is popular due to its excellent characteristics, productivity, drought resistance and frost resistance. However, like any variety, the Brunette has its advantages and disadvantages.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
This cherry variety tolerates drought well. It is necessary to water the plant during the periods:
- ovary formation;
- flowering;
- November.
Winter hardiness of cherries Brunettes – medium. Flower buds are sensitive to strong spring frosts.
Productivity
The tree begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting. The average yield per tree per year is about 10-12 kg or 8-9 t/ha (after four years). The indicator depends on the quality of care and climatic conditions.
Cherry Brunette is considered an early crop
Advantages and disadvantages
Of the advantages of this variety, gardeners note:
- frost resistance;
- good drought tolerance;
- high productivity;
- average fruit ripening period;
- ripe berries do not crumble, do not crack and do not rot.
The disadvantages of this variety include:
- average resistance of flower buds to low temperatures;
- susceptibility to fungal diseases.
Rules of landing
Before planting a crop, you need to choose a place and determine the timing. It is also worth considering the rules for planting crops.
Recommended dates
In the southern regions, landing should be carried out in the autumn; in the middle lane, it is most effective to do this in the first half of September. In areas with a harsh climate, it is advisable to plant the Brunette cherry in the spring, as there is a high risk of freezing of young seedlings.
Site selection and soil preparation
The best place for planting Brunette cherries is considered to be a place on a not very steep slope. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account the fact that this tree loves a lot of sunlight.
The soil for planting a seedling must meet the following requirements:
- neutral acidity pH = 6,5-7;
- balanced content of sand and clay;
- good air exchange;
- drainage layer.
The preparation of the pit for the seedling must begin two weeks before planting:
- size: 40 cm – depth, 60 cm – diameter (should take into account the volume of the root system of the seedling);
- soil preparation: mixing with fertilizers;
- setting a peg in the landing pit;
- laying the treated soil in the pit.
To prepare the perfect soil for cherries, you need to mix it with organic compounds (manure, compost), fertilizers (potassium, phosphate).
If planting is planned on acidic soils, it is necessary to prepare the land by adding lime to the substrate
How to plant
The correct planting of a cherry seedling should be carried out as follows:
- Dig a hole in a pre-prepared place.
- Straighten the roots and treat them with garden pitch.
- Install the seedling at the bottom of the pit, while digging in with soil (the root collar should be at a distance of 57 cm above the ground level);
- Tie the stem of the seedling to the peg.
Scheme of the correct planting of a cherry seedling
After completing the procedure, it is necessary to water the soil abundantly (about 3 liters of water), having previously created an artificial embankment around the seedling.
After watering the soil near the seedling, it is desirable to mulch
Features of care
Cherry Brunette is unpretentious in care. However, in order to maintain high yields and increase the life cycle of the plant, certain rules must be followed.
Watering and fertilizing schedule
This cherry variety tolerates drought well. It is necessary to water the plant during the formation of the ovary, flowering and leaf fall. Approximately 3 liters of water per plant will be enough. In areas with frequent dry weather, additional watering is required. A month before harvesting, it is stopped, otherwise it can cause rotting, and negatively affect the taste properties of the fruit.
As a top dressing of the plant, it is necessary to use fertilizers, which include:
- potassium;
- phosphorus;
- nitrogen (cannot be used when planting, only in the spring in small quantities).
For intensive growth and development of the Brunette cherry, it is necessary to adhere to the feeding schedule. The first is applied at planting, the next – not earlier than after 2-3 years in two stages:
- at the end of the flowering period;
- two weeks after the first feeding.
It is advisable to use mixtures of urea, potassium chloride and superphosphate as fertilizers. After the cherry must be watered (about 10-15 liters of water per tree).
Trimming
The spreading crown of this medium-sized crop requires regular shaping. Branches located below 40-50 cm from ground level are subject to pruning. This procedure will increase the yield, the duration of the life cycle of the crop. First of all, dry and devoid of growth branches are removed.
The formation of the brunette cherry must be carried out within 2-4 years.
Preparation for winter
The preparation of the Brunette cherries for the winter, like other varieties of this crop, must be done before the onset of the first frost. In regions with a mild climate and snowy winters, it is enough to treat the soil with fertilizers and carry out the final watering. In regions with a harsh climate, the tree should be prepared differently for wintering, which includes:
- sanitary pruning of branches;
- tillage around the trunk (stem circle);
- watering and mulching the soil;
- whitewashing the trunk;
- pest control.
Cherries should be covered in October.
Diseases and pests
Cherry ordinary Brunette is resistant to most diseases. However, with improper care, this variety is susceptible to fungal and bacterial diseases.
Antraknoz – a fungal disease, the development of which is favored by increased importance (more than 90%). The skin of the fruit is covered with small bumps with a pinkish bloom, which dry out when warm weather sets in.
In the fight against the disease, fungicide treatment and the removal of affected tree fruits help.
Gommosis, or gum disease, manifested by the outflow from the tree trunk and branches of gum (adhesive substance). Occurs as a side effect of diseases or poor-quality crop care.
With gommosis, the trunk and branches of a tree are treated with copper sulphate and garden pitch, and the damaged branches are cut off.
Perforated spotting, or clasterosporiasis, occurs when the conditions for growing crops (temperature, humidity) are violated. If signs of the disease are found, the culture must be treated with Bordeaux liquid, and the affected areas removed.
A fungal disease affects the leaves and fruits of the tree – brown spots and holes appear
The following pests pose the greatest danger to Brunette cherries:
- cherry aphids;
- cherry weevil (larvae and adult insects);
- slimy sawfly (larvae);
- caterpillars of the runaway moth.
Conclusion
Cherry Brunette is a versatile and rather unpretentious variety of fruit crops. It will give high yields for many years. To do this, it is necessary to follow the rules for planting seedlings, caring for a tree, and timely carry out agrotechnical measures.
Reviews
Anna Pavlova, 47 years old, Kaluga
