Cherry Anthracite

Compact cherry variety Anthracite with fruits of dessert type – medium late ripening. In the spring, a fruit tree will become a decoration of the garden, and in the summer it will be convenient to collect fruits from it. Winter hardiness, transportability and medium susceptibility to stone fruit diseases make this variety suitable for growing in private gardens.

History of breeding

For a wide range of gardeners, the Anthracite cherry variety has become available since 2006, when it was included in the State Register and recommended for the central regions of Our Country. Employees of the All- Research Institute, at the experimental station in the city of Orel, worked on breeding a productive variety, choosing high-quality material from randomly pollinated seedlings of Cherry Consumer goods black.

Description of the culture

The new variety was bred for cultivation in the regions of the center of the country; according to its characteristics, it is suitable for almost all regions.

Anthracite common cherry tree with a spreading, raised crown grows up to 2 m. The branches are not dense. Cone-shaped buds are small, up to 3 millimeters long, located close to the branch. Dark green, finely serrated leaves up to 6-7 cm long, in the form of a wide ellipse, the apex is sharp, the base is rounded. The top of the leaf blade is glossy, curved, the veins sharply protrude from below. The petiole is long, up to 12 cm, with a bright anthocyanin shade. Inflorescence-umbrella forms 3-5 flowers with white petals, up to 2,3 cm in diameter.

Плоды вишни Антрацитовая сердцевидные, плодовая воронка широкая, верхушка закругляется. Плодоножка короткая, в среднем 11 мм. Размер средних ягод 21х16 мм, толщина мякоти – 14 мм. Вес ягод – от 4,1 до 5 г. Кожица вишни сорта Антрацитовая плотная, но тонкая, к сроку созревания приобретает интенсивный темно-красный, почти черный оттенок. Насыщенный цвет ягод и дал название сорту.

Juicy, sweet and sour cherry pulp Anthracite dark red color, medium density. In berries, 11,2% of sugars, 1,63% of acid and 16,4% of dry matter were determined. The yellow-cream stone, which occupies only 5,5% – 0,23 g in the mass of the berry, is easily separated from the pulp. On this basis, Anthracite cherries are compared with cherries. The attractiveness of the fruits received a very high rating – 4,9 points. Dessert taste of Anthracite cherry berries is estimated at 4,3 points.

Features

Отличительная особенность нового сорта сладкой вишни с темными плодами – многие положительные черты, наследованные от материнского растения.

Drought resistance, winter resistance

Anthracite cherry tree can tolerate winters typical of central Our Country. The Anthracite cherry variety will take root well and will bear fruit in the Moscow region. But the plant will not withstand very low lingering temperatures.

Anthracite is resistant to short-term droughts. To obtain a good harvest, the tree must be watered in a timely manner in the grooves made around the circumference of the crown.

Pollination, flowering period and ripening period

A specific feature of the mid-late Anthracite variety is partial self-fertility. Even from a lonely standing tree, you can take a small crop. Berry picking will be much richer if you plant cherries of such varieties as Vladimirskaya, Nochka, Lyubskaya, Shubinka or Shokoladnitsa nearby. Experienced gardeners are also advised to place cherries nearby.

Anthracite cherry blossoms from the middle or end of the second decade of May. The fruits ripen after July 15-23, depending on climatic conditions.

yield, fruiting

The ovaries are formed on the bouquet branches and shoots of last year’s growth. The tree begins to bear fruit already 4 years after planting. The fragility of the plant should be taken into account: Anthracite cherry bears fruit on average for 15-18 years. Under conditions of good care, timely watering and proper feeding, up to 18 kg of berries ripen on a tree of this variety. During the tests, the variety showed an average yield of 96,3 c/ha. The maximum harvest rose to 106,6 c/ha, which indicates a positive production characteristic of Anthracite cherries.

Scope of berries

Anthracite cherry berries are consumed fresh and processed into various compotes and jams. The fruits are also frozen and dried.

Disease and pest resistance

Cherry variety Anthracite is moderately affected by moniliosis and coccomycosis. The tree must be inspected during the growing season for early detection of pests: aphids, codling moths, cherry flies.

Advantages and disadvantages

The Anthracite cherry variety has already gained strong popularity in the Central region and is spreading to other areas due to a number of advantages.

• Excellent consumer qualities: beautiful appearance of berries, thick pulp and pleasant taste;
• Transportability;
• High yield;
• Relative self-fertility;
• Winter hardiness and ability to tolerate short-term droughts.

The disadvantages of the variety are:

• Average immunity to fungal diseases: coccomycosis and monilial burn;
• Поражаемость вредителями.

Features of landing

To please the collection of sweet berries, you need to choose the right place and time for planting Anthracite cherries.

Recommended dates 

A seedling with an open root system will take root well only in spring. Trees in containers are planted until September.

Choosing the right place

Placing a seedling of the Anthracite variety on the south side of the buildings is the best option. Avoid windy places.

• Cherries are not planted in areas with stagnant water and in lowlands. Or placed on a mound;

  

• Trees develop well on loamy and sandy soils with a neutral reaction;
• Heavy soils are improved with sand, peat, humus;
• Acidic soils are diluted with lime.

What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries

Cherries or sweet cherries are planted near the Anthracite variety. Good neighbors are hawthorn, mountain ash, honeysuckle, elderberry, such a currant that grows in partial shade. It is impossible to plant tall apple trees, apricot, linden, birch, maples nearby. The neighborhood of raspberries, gooseberries and nightshade crops is undesirable.

Selection and preparation of planting material

A quality cherry seedling of the Anthracite variety is bought in specialized farms.

• The best seedlings are biennial;

• Shtamb not lower than 60 cm;
• Stem thickness 2-2,5 cm;
• Branch length up to 60 cm;
• The roots are elastic, without damage.

From the place of purchase to the site, the Anthracite seedling is transported, wrapping the roots in a damp cloth. Then they are immersed in a clay mash for 2-3 hours. You can add a growth stimulator, according to the instructions.

Landing algorithm

A peg for tying an Anthracite cherry seedling is driven into the prepared hole with the substrate.

• The seedling is placed on a mound, spreading the roots;
• The root neck of the cherry is placed 5-7 cm above the soil surface;
• After watering, lay a layer of mulch up to 5-7 cm;
• The branches are cut to 15-20 cm.

Culture aftercare

When growing Anthracite cherries, the soil is loosened to a depth of 7 cm, weeds are removed. The cherry tree is watered once a week, 10 liters in the morning and evening. Anthracite cherry watering is important after flowering and during fruit set.

Feed the tree for 4-5 years of growth:

• Early spring with carbamide or saltpeter;
• Organics are introduced into the flowering phase;
• Собрав ягоды, удобряют карбамидом внекорневым способом.

Слабые и загущающие крону ветки обрезают ранней весной.

Before winter, the trunk circle is mulched. The trunk of a young tree is protected by several layers of agrotextile and a net from rodents.

Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention

Conclusion

Planting this variety is a good choice if you take care of the pollinator tree. Sunny place, watering and fertilizing are important for the quality of the berries. Save the tree from diseases and pests early processing.

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