Contents
Chermashnaya cherry is an early variety of yellow cherry. Many grow it on their plots precisely because of the early ripening.
History of breeding
This type of sweet cherry was artificially obtained from the seeds of the Leningrad yellow cherry through free pollination at the All- Institute for the Cultivation of New Plant Species. It has been included in the state register since 2004 for the Central region of Our Country.
Description of the culture
The tree has an average height – up to 5 meters, grows quickly. The crown is round and oval of medium density. The main branches form right and obtuse angles, which is often mentioned in the description of the Chermashnaya yellow cherry variety. Shoots brown-red. The size of the leaves is medium, the shape is lanceolate-oval with small notches and a pointed top.
The berries of this cherry variety grow on branches in the form of bouquets and separately on some shoots. The fruits are yellow with a slight pink blush, round and medium large, weight from 3,8 to 4,5 g. These are medium-sized berries, if we compare the Chermashnaya and Bullish heart cherries, the berries of which reach 10 g.
The pulp is the same color as the peel – yellow, juicy, delicate in taste, there is practically no sourness. The stone is very well behind the pulp, it is smooth to the touch.
This variety is good for the Central and Southern regions of Our Country. But it should be borne in mind that the soil for planting should not be heavy. Sandy and loamy areas are considered the best.
Features
Characteristics of the cherry variety Chermashnaya are distinguished by an early harvest. It endures the cold and is less vulnerable to diseases and parasites than others.
Drought resistance, winter resistance
The winter resistance of the variety is average, just right for the Moscow region. When measuring the degree of freezing of the bark, sweet cherries received 1 and 2 points, which means good frost resistance of Chermashnaya cherries. This species also tolerates drought well; in general, it is a heat-loving tree.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening period
The first berries appear already at the age of 3 years and by the end of June. Flowering begins before the leaves cover the tree. The flowers are white and umbrella-shaped with round petals.
Pollination of the self-fertile Chermashnaya occurs through other trees. The varieties Raditsa, Chocolate, Crimean Cherry and Fatezh cope better with this task.
yield, fruiting
The peak of productivity falls on the 6th year after planting the seedling. From one sweet cherry you can collect up to 30 kg of fruit. They do not ripen all at once, but in turn, but quickly, so the crop should be harvested in several stages. From one hectare you can collect up to 86 centners for the entire ripening period.
Scope of berries
The most common is, of course, eating fresh berries of this variety. Good early cherry Chermashnaya is stored for up to 4 days at an air temperature of +2 – +5 degrees and subject to the presence of a cutting. In the freezer, the berry can be kept for no more than 4-5 months.
For transportation, you should also pluck cherries with a cutting and in dry weather. The berry is suitable for canning (jams, compotes).
Disease and pest resistance
This variety is quite resistant to diseases caused by fungi and leaf-eating pests. But with improper care, the plant can get sick and even die.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages include, first of all, the excellent sweet taste of sweet cherries, early ripening of fruits, stable yield and early maturity at a high level, as well as sufficient resistance to frost and pests. Of the shortcomings, the main and important factor is self-infertility.
Features of landing
Before planting a young seedling, several important points should be made: choose the ideal place, treat the site with fertilizers, and so on.
Recommended dates
Planting young sweet cherries is recommended by experts in early spring. This is worth remembering when growing Chermashnaya cherries, despite the high frost resistance of the variety.
Choosing the right place
An area with good air flow and normal access to sunlight, but not low-lying, would be ideal. The soil is recommended loose with good moisture permeability, no closer than 1,7 m to groundwater. Dense soils are categorically not suitable: peat, sand, clay. Soil acidity should not exceed pH 6,5.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Nearby, you can plant varieties of pollinators for Chermashnaya cherries, for example, cherries, it will act as a pollinator, like other types of cherries. Stone fruit trees require a separate planting from other fruit varieties. It is not recommended to plant it near shrubs. Also, cherries can ruin an apple tree in close proximity.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Some gardeners make cuts at the tips of thick roots just before planting in the ground.
It is best to buy seedlings in nurseries and specialized stores.
What should you first of all pay attention to when choosing planting material for the Chermashnaya yellow cherry variety:
- Roots. They should not be frozen or dry.
- The length of the root is not less than 25 cm.
- The presence of a sufficient number of fibrous roots.
- White color of the root in the context.
- Check if there are any growths and swellings on the roots of cancer.
- The trunk of a young plant should have a smooth, undamaged texture.
- The ideal age of the seedling is 2 years.
- Leaves. If they are, the plant may be dehydrated.
- If the root is in the ground, you need to make sure that it is in order.
Landing algorithm
First of all, you need to prepare a place for landing. This should be a recess of about 90x90x90 cm. A small mound must be left at the bottom, a support is hammered in at a short distance from the middle. Next, the seedling is covered with earth.
After falling asleep with earth, you need to slightly trample it with your foot and make a side in a circle at a distance of 25 cm from the seedling. At the end, be sure to water the young cherries with enough water (about 3 buckets). Compost, ash or peat can be added to the embankment.
Culture aftercare
As well as planting and caring for Chermashnaya cherries should be proper. Before the tree enters the time of fruiting in the first years, 1/5 of all shoots should be cut. You can fertilize cherries in the fall with superphosphates. Calculation – about 2-3 tablespoons per 1 sq. m crown projection and water abundantly.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
| Disease | Methods of struggle | Prevention |
| Moniliosis or gray rot | Cut off affected branches Treatment with Hom or copper chloride solution | Digging up a wooded area in autumn Soil drying Wood treatment with urea 5% |
| Brown leaf spot | Treatment with copper sulphate, Bordeaux liquid 1% | Cleaning of affected areas of a tree and fallen leaves, treatment with solutions |
| Klyasterosporiosis | Treatment with Nitrafen and Bordeaux liquid | Cleaning up fallen leaves in autumn |
| Pest | Way to fight | Prevention |
| Aphid cherry | Wood treatment with Actellik and Fitaverm or Inta-vir | Cleaning up fallen leaves and digging the ground under the cherry |
| Tubkovvert cherry | Spraying with Chlorophos, Metaphos, Aktellik and Corsair | Undercrown area care |
| Slimy cherry sawfly | Treatment with solutions (Karbofos, Iskra DE and M, Decis) | Urea treatment 3% and soil care |
Conclusion
In conclusion, it should be said that Chermashnaya cherries are an excellent variety of early and early cherries. It is unpretentious and resistant to different weather, and its fruits have excellent taste.
Reviews
Below are a few reviews of summer residents about Chermashnaya cherries in the Moscow region.