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The name for the mushroom champignon comes from the French word champignon, which simply means “mushroom”. We all have long been accustomed to the fact that edible champignons are grown in special greenhouses, and therefore we consider this mushroom almost artificial. However, there are many types of champignons that grow naturally: in forests, but in meadows and pastures. They are no less tasty than those grown in artificial mycelium and certainly do not contain any additives.
On this page you will be able to get acquainted with the photo and description of the types of champignons growing in natural conditions: field, ordinary, two-ringed and Bernard.
What ordinary champignon mushrooms look like: photo and description
Category: edible.
Common mushroom cap (Agaricus campestris) (diameter 6-16 cm): white or light brown, has the shape of a hemisphere, which eventually changes to almost prostrate. It is velvety to the touch, less often it can be with small scales.
As you can see in the photo of this type of champignon, the stem of the mushroom (height 4-11 cm) is the same color with a hat, straight and even, expanding closer to the base. In the middle part it has a noticeable wide white ring.
Records: change color from whitish to pinkish, and then light brown.
Pulp: white, but noticeably turns pink at the fracture site and when exposed to air.
According to its description, the common champignon is difficult to confuse with any other species, this fungus has no twins.
When growing: from the end of May to mid-October in the countries of Eurasia with a temperate climate.
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Where can I find: on fertilized soils of parks and gardens or in cemeteries. Making its way through asphalt and other hard surfaces, this type of champignon mushrooms can develop a stubborn pressure of seven atmospheres.
Eating: edible champignon mushrooms are used in cooking in almost any form, except for salting and pickling.
Use in traditional medicine (data are not confirmed and have not been clinically tested!): in the form of a tincture, which has a strong bactericidal effect. This remedy was considered very effective during epidemics of typhoid fever.
Other names: real champignon, pecheritsa (in Ukraine and Belarus).
Field champignon: description of appearance and photo
Category: edible.
In 1762 was field champignon (Agaricus arvensis) singled out in a separate group a professor at the Wittenberg and Tübingen universities Jacob Schaeffer – a botanist, ornithologist and entomologist.
In appearance, field champignon is slightly different from other species. Hat (diameter 7-22 cm): white, gray, cream or light ocher (in old mushrooms) with remnants of a bedspread. It has the shape of a small egg or bell, but over time becomes almost prostrate with a noticeable tubercle in the center. The edges of young mushrooms are wrapped inward, later becoming wavy. In dry weather, they can crack badly, due to which they become uneven and torn. It is smooth to the touch, in rare cases it can be with small scales. Stem (5-12 cm high): usually the same color as the cap, turns yellow when pressed, fibrous, cylindrical in shape and has a large two-layered ring. Often narrows from bottom to top. In young mushrooms, it is solid, but becomes hollow with time. Easily separated from the hat.
Records: they can be white-gray, brownish, with a mustard or purple tint, in old mushrooms they are dark brown or black.
Pulp: white or light yellow, very dense, turns yellow when cut and when exposed to air. Sweet in taste.
The description and photo of the field mushroom are similar to the description and photo of the pale toadstool (Amanita phalloides) and the yellow-skinned mushroom (Agaricus xanthodermus).
However, the pale grebe does not have an anise smell and has a single-layered ring on the stem. And the yellow-skinned champignon is distinguished by a strong medicinal smell of carbolic acid.
Field champignons grow from the end of May to the beginning of November in the northern regions of Our Country.
Where can I find: in open spaces of forests, fields and pastures, can be found in mountainous areas, thickets of nettles or spruces. Large groups of field mushrooms sometimes form “witch rings”.
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Eating: both fresh and after any kind of processing. Very tasty mushroom, in many countries it is considered a delicacy.
Use in traditional medicine (data are not confirmed and have not been clinically tested!): in the form of an extract as an effective remedy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Decoctions have long been used in the outback as an antidote for snake bites.
Important! Field champignons often accumulate heavy metals. Cadmium, copper and other elements in large doses can be hazardous to health. Try to collect mushrooms in an ecologically clean area.
The English call the field champignon horse mushroom – “horse mushroom” because it often grows on horse manure.
Edible mushroom champignon Bernard
Category: edible.
Bernard mushroom cap (Agaricus bernardii) (diameter 6-16 cm): white, gray or ashy, slightly convex or almost completely flat, sometimes with scales. Very fleshy, with the edges wrapped inside. In dry weather, it can be covered with thin cracks.
Leg (height 4-12 cm): has the shape of a cylinder.
Records: very frequent. Mushrooms are pale pink in color when young, becoming creamy brown over time.
Pulp: white, turning pink with age.
The photo and description of Bernard’s champignon mushrooms resembles the description of two-ring champignons (Agaricus bitorquis) with a sour smell, a double ring. However, the cap of Agaricus bitorquis does not crack.
When growing: from the end of June to mid-October in almost all European countries.
Where can I find: on saline or sandy soils.
Eating: in any form.
Application in traditional medicine: does not apply.
Important! Mushroom Bernard often grows along polluted roads and highways and strongly absorbs gasoline fumes and road dirt, so use only those mushrooms that are collected in environmentally friendly places.
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Description of double-ringed champignon
Category: edible.
Two-ring mushroom leg (Agaricus bitorquis) (height 4-12 cm): smooth, white, with a double ring.
Records: frequent, pinkish or light red.
Pulp: dense, on the cut and when interacting with air slowly but noticeably turns pink.
The mushroom got its name due to the characteristic double ring formed by the remains of the bedspread.
Hat (diameter 5-18 cm): off-white or light grey. Fleshy and thick, usually smooth to the touch and only in rare cases may be with small scales.
Application in traditional medicine: does not apply.
Important! Often, double-ringed mushrooms grow near busy highways and polluted roads, so they can accumulate harmful substances.
Other names: pavement champignon.
The description of the two-ring champignon mushroom is similar to the description of Bernard’s champignon.
When growing: from the beginning of May to the end of September in the countries of the Eurasian continent with a temperate climate.
Where can I find: on fertilized soil of gardens and orchards, often in city parks, ditches and on roadsides.
Eating: in any form.