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The pavilion for bees simplifies the process of caring for insects. The mobile design is effective for keeping a nomadic apiary. A stationary pavilion helps save space on the site, increases the survival rate of bees during wintering.
Advantages of pavilion beekeeping
The first pavilions appeared in European countries. In Our Country, the technology began to develop later, and gained popularity in the Urals and the North Caucasus. Pavilion beekeeping is different from the traditional method. Bee hives are replaced by special cassette modules. Insects live in their houses year-round. The bees fly out into the street through the notches. To make it easy for returning insects to find their entrance, beekeepers mark each entrance hole with colorful figures.
The popularity of pavilion content is due to a number of advantages:
- Good mobility of the mobile pavilion during roaming.
- Ease of maintenance. During the move, the hives must be constantly loaded and unloaded from the car trailer. It is enough to move the pavilion to another place.
- The pavilion always maintains optimal conditions for the hatching of the queen. There is no such possibility in hives. The process will depend on weather conditions.
- The presence of a mobile home contributes to an increase in honey collection.
- An optimal microclimate for bees is created inside the pavilion. Insects hibernate better, develop.
- Bee colonies living in one large pavilion pose less danger to humans and animals than insects whose hives are scattered over a large area.
Stationary and mobile pavilion is primarily compact. In a small area, you can keep a large number of bee colonies.
Types of beekeeping pavilions
If we talk about the fundamental differences between the pavilions, then there are only two of them. Structures are mobile and stationary. Minor differences are in the size, design and other minor details.
Stationary pavilion for bees
The appearance of the stationary pavilion resembles a wooden utility block. The house is installed on a strip or column foundation. The stationary pavilion has several advantages over the mobile counterpart:
- lighting, water supply, sewerage can be brought into the house;
- for heating in winter, heating is supplied to the pavilion.
In fact, a stationary house is a full-fledged residential complex for bees. The supply of communications facilitates the process of apiary maintenance. Heating makes wintering safe. The bees do not weaken, and those who have grown stronger in the spring begin to work more intensively.
Convenient stationary pavilions for wintering bees even without heating. There is enough natural heat inside the house. They try to position the stationary building on the site so that the long side wall faces southwest or southeast.
The roof for a stationary structure is made of two types. A less successful option is considered gable without opening hatches. Windows are provided on the walls, but in order to open them, free space must be left for access. The best option is a flat roof with opening hatches. Inside such a building, space is saved, since the cassettes with bees can be placed close to the wall.
Cassette (mobile) pavilion for bees
The main device of a mobile pavilion is no different from a stationary house for bees. The same wooden building with a flat or gable roof. The main difference is the bottom. If a foundation is poured for a stationary house, then a mobile structure is placed on a chassis.
Usually the trailer of a truck or agricultural equipment acts as a running gear. During construction, it is lifted with a jack, placed horizontally on stands. The sides are removed from the trailer, leaving only the frame. It will serve as a foundation. The metal frame of the future house is welded to the size of the frame. Sheathing is done by chipboard, boards or other material.
For stationary use, the building can stand on props. With the beginning of the season, the structure is raised with jacks. The props are removed from under the trailer. The pavilion with bees is attached to the car, taken out to the field closer to the honey plants.
The cassette mobile design has many advantages:
- The increase in the bribe due to the entrance of the apiary directly to the seasonal flowering honey plants. The honey flow is doubled. Overcoming a shorter distance, the bees bring 100% of the collected product into the combs.
- The beekeeper is given the opportunity to get pure honey from one variety of honey plant. The bees will only carry the product from closely growing flowers. During the season, with frequent moves, you can get several varieties of pure honey, for example: acacia, sunflower, buckwheat.
- The ease of maintenance of a mobile pavilion is the same as that of a stationary structure. The bees stay in their houses for the winter.
The only disadvantage of a mobile pavilion is the impossibility of supplying communications. However, plumbing and sewerage are not so important for bees. Comfort elements are in demand by the beekeeper. As for lighting and heating, wiring is needed. During the winter, the house stands in the yard. The cable is connected to the home electrical network. Light appears inside the pavilion. Heating bees organized from electric heaters.
How to make a cassette pavilion for bees with your own hands
The construction of the pavilion itself is no different from the construction of an ordinary barn. In general terms: first prepare the base (foundation or trailer on wheels), create a frame, sheathe, equip the roof, windows, doors. Initially, you need to think about the layout. If you make a pavilion for bees with your own hands mobile, then you need to properly position the change house.
To fit a lot of bee colonies, a standard size trailer for a large house is not enough. The frame is lengthened, which increases the load on the rear axle. For its uniform distribution, the change house is located in front of the hitch with the car. It is optimal to make a drawing before starting construction, consider all the nuances, calculate the consumption of materials.
Drawings of pavilions for bees
The interior of the large pavilion is divided by partitions. 5-12 cassette modules are installed vertically in each compartment. They must be the same size. Cassette modules are often made to fit 450×300 mm frames. Inside it is desirable to install no more than 60 cassette hives.
The cassette module or hive consists of a body. Cassettes with frames are inserted inside. They are covered with protective covers. The cassettes rest on the cassette holders.
The Kolosok pavilion, which accommodates 16 rows of cassette modules, is considered convenient for year-round keeping of bees. They are installed at an angle of 50 to the aisle. о. The spikelet is always placed in front of the south side. Then the cassette modules of the rows will be deployed to the southwest and southeast.
Necessary tools and materials
Of the materials for the base of the mobile structure, you will need a trailer. The foundation of a stationary building is poured from concrete, pillars are laid out of blocks or screw piles are screwed. The frame of a mobile house is welded from a profile or a pipe, and a stationary pavilion is assembled from a bar. For sheathing, the best material is a board or wood-based panels. The roof is made of lightweight roofing materials.
For work, you will need woodworking and construction tools:
- hacksaw;
- Bulgarian;
- electric drill;
- a hammer;
- electric jigsaw;
- welding machine.
It is impossible to list the entire list of tools. It will depend on the type of construction and materials used.
Building a pavilion for bees
In general terms, the construction process consists of the following points:
- Aquarium design. In terms of size, the building is erected with a maximum of 20 compartments for the installation of cassette modules. With more bees will crowd each other. For a stationary building, they initially choose an optimally convenient place away from people and mass keeping of animals. After assembling the frame of the house, it is optimal to start manufacturing and installing cassette modules. They are connected to each other and only then a common roof is erected.
- compartments. The inventory compartment and change house in a stationary building are located at their discretion. On a mobile pavilion, they are provided in front of the trailer near the coupling with the car. Compartments for keeping bees in modules are placed in one or opposite directions. The Spikelet scheme is considered more convenient.
- Lighting. Natural light through the windows will be missed by the bees and the serving beekeeper. Inside the house, wiring is laid, lights are connected.
- Change house. The design of the beekeeper’s closet provides for the installation of cabinets for storing clothes, feeding for bees, and working equipment. In the case of a mobile apiary, an overnight stay is provided.
- Thermal insulation. For optimal wintering of bees, all structural elements must be insulated. If the walls are made of boards, then additional thermal insulation is not needed. When using plywood, make a double sheathing of the frame. The void is filled with a heater, for example, mineral wool. More attention is paid to the insulation of windows, doors, ceilings, since it is in these places that large heat losses are observed.
The roof is made strong, but light. Extra load is not needed, especially if the apiary is of a mobile type.
More information about the pavilion for keeping bees is told in the video:
Ventilation in the pavilion for bees
Natural ventilation from spring to autumn is provided by ventilation through windows and doors. In winter, a lot of damp accumulates inside and around the cassettes. Humidity rises strongly in stationary houses on strip foundations. Based on reasonable considerations, it is better to install non-movable buildings on columnar or pile foundations. In addition, supply and exhaust channels with adjustable dampers are equipped. Natural ventilation is arranged so that in winter, moisture leaves with the stale air, and heat is retained in the modules.
Rules for keeping bees in pavilions
The first important rule for keeping bees is the availability of high-quality heating and ventilation inside the pavilion. In winter, the method of inspection reveals deadness. If a good microclimate is maintained inside the pavilion, the bees practically do not die. Feeding is carried out through feeders. They are attached to the doors of the cassette modules. The amount of feed is checked by inspection through the transparent wall of the feeder. In February, Kandy is used for feeding. To prevent the food from drying out, it is covered with a film on top.
Conclusion
A pavilion for bees initially requires manufacturing costs. In the future, maintenance of bees is simplified, the beekeeper receives more honey, insects endure winter more easily, and the number of deaths is reduced.