Contents
Bone calluses appear after a fracture during the restoration of bone tissue. Such corns are not a pathology, they are small areas of compaction. Calluses should not be confused with common calluses.
Types of calluses
Bone calluses can be of the following types:
Endosteal. Such a callus is localized on the outside of the bones. It is not supplied with blood vessels, therefore it often thickens and protrudes above the surface of the bone.
Intermedial. Such a callus is concentrated in the area of the injury, between the outer and inner sides of the bone. X-ray examination does not always allow to detect such a corn.
Periosteal. Such a callus grows at the site of bone fusion. Most often, it is formed in patients who have been completely immobilized for a long time.
Periostealcallus can appear not only after a bone fracture, but even after a severe bruise of soft tissues. The growth often reaches a significant size, so it is difficult to get rid of it. In the area of formation of the callus, the muscles swell, the person complains of pain during an attempt to make a movement.
Paraosseous callus appears on tubular bones. The treatment of such an outgrowth is long. If this callus is localized on spongy bones, then its size is small.
Pathogenesis
A corn does not form in one day.
The process of its formation takes place in several stages:
In the first week after the fracture, a provisional callus appears in a person.
Then the process of formation of osteoid tissue starts. For a short time period, the corn ossifies.
The next stage of callus development is the formation of cartilaginous callus.
Over time, the cartilage thickens, resulting in the formation of a callus in the patient.
Before a callus begins to form in a person, the injured bones will need to heal. In general, callus formation is a normal process that accompanies tissue regeneration.
How long does it take for a callus to form?
The time it takes to form a corn depends on several reasons, including:
How quickly the patient was provided with qualified medical care.
The size of the bone that has been injured.
Patient’s age.
The state of the nervous system of the patient.
The rate of metabolic processes in the body.
The quality of the work of the endocrine glands.
The average term for the formation of callus is 4-6 months. Although sometimes this period can be extended in time:
If the clavicle has been injured. When a person had a broken collarbone, it took about 2 months for a callus to form. After the clavicle is completely fused, the callus should resolve, but in some cases this does not happen.
If the toe has been injured. After a fracture of the toes, the callus may appear on the toes themselves, or in the spaces between them. The term for the formation of build-up is 4-6 weeks. So that the corn is not injured, a person must wear the right and comfortable shoes.
If the nose was broken. After a nose fracture, corn appears very often. The more bone tissue was damaged, the larger the growth will be.
After broken ribs. On broken ribs, calluses form within 3-4 months. It will completely resolve only a year after its formation. In the early stages of corn development, a person may experience pain and discomfort.
If the heel was broken. The terms of formation of corns after a heel fracture are 2-3 months.
After rhinoplasty. When during the operation the doctor removed the bone tissue, the corn will definitely form. Its development time is 3-4 months. After that, it will begin to transform into bone tissue. The nose will be completely formed only 12-24 months after the intervention.
Callus symptoms
To understand that a callus is forming in a patient, it is necessary to undergo an x-ray examination.
Symptoms that indicate the appearance of callus include:
Pain that is concentrated in the area of the injury at the stage of bone fusion.
Hyperemia of the skin, their swelling.
Local increase in body temperature.
The body can trigger a defense mechanism and a person will develop osteoporosis.
In the area of the fracture, suppuration may be observed.
If the patient has such symptoms, then the process of bone tissue repair is impaired. In this case, he must be provided with emergency medical care.
Callus treatment
It is best to treat callus with conservative methods, since surgical intervention increases the likelihood of inflammation.
The main directions of therapy:
Thermotreatment. Exposure to the damaged area with infrared rays allows you to accelerate regenerative processes, accelerate metabolism, and improve bone tissue nutrition.
Magnetotherapy. When bones are treated with magnetic fields, they heal faster.
Electrophoresis. High frequency currents help strengthen bone tissue. If the corn is large, then you need to use special creams and ointments that will speed up the healing process.
During the recovery period, a person should give up excessive physical exertion. The menu should be enriched with foods that contain vitamin D and calcium. It is important to give up bad habits, from the abuse of alcohol and coffee.