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Breeders have been creating new varieties and hybrids of white cabbage for many decades. That is why, when choosing seeds, many factors have to be taken into account: ripening time, degree of storage, taste, application features.
Cabbage Zimovka 1474 is one of the varieties that grows well in almost all regions of Our Country. This white-headed vegetable is versatile, but most suitable for winter storage. The article will give a full description of the variety, presents photos and reviews of those involved in culture.
Description
Cabbage seeds were obtained in the late sixties of the last century by scientists of the All-Union Research Institute of Breeding and Seed Production. They used samples of foreign varieties, conducted numerous experiments. Zimovka cabbage was included in the State Register in 1963. The white-headed vegetable is recommended for cultivation in an open ground.
So that gardeners have the opportunity to understand whether this variety is suitable for them, let’s start with a description:
- Cabbage variety Zimovka refers to a late-ripening crop. It takes about 160 days before the harvest. Round-flat heads of cabbage in technical maturity reach 72-120 cm in diameter. The weight of cabbage varies from 2 to 3,6 kg. There are also larger specimens.
- The socket is semi-spreading. Cabbage leaves Zimovka 1474 are rounded, gray-green due to a clear wax coating. The leaf blades are medium-sized: length 40-48 cm, width 32-46 cm. Wavy is clearly visible along the edges. The leaves are juicy, sweet, there are veins, but they are not hard.
- The forks are twisted so tightly that there are practically no gaps between the leaves. On the cut, the cabbage variety is yellowish-white. This is clearly visible in the photo.
- The outer stump is long, and the inner one is medium in size.
- The taste of cabbage is excellent due to the unique chemical composition: dry matter in the Zimovka variety from 7,6 to 9,7%, sugar up to 4,9%.
Characteristics
Description of white cabbage Zimovka, photos and reviews of gardeners show only part of the qualities of the variety. That is why the characteristic of culture with all the pluses and minuses is important.
Pros:
- Stable yield. Wintering cabbage is a high-yielding variety. According to the description and reviews of gardeners, 6-7 kg of tasty dense heads of cabbage are harvested from a square meter of plantings.
- Cold resistance. Plants are able to withstand light frosts within -6 degrees, both at the level of seedlings and adult plants.
- Unpretentiousness. Even with low soil fertility, gardeners get a good harvest. In addition, this variety of cabbage is drought-resistant.
- Marketable condition. The variety does not crack either in the beds or during long-term transportation.
- Keeping quality. You can store Zimovka 1474 cabbage almost until the new harvest – 7-8 months. As consumers indicate, they get the last heads of cabbage in early June. At the same time, the taste and useful properties not only do not decrease, but, on the contrary, become more expressive.
- Application features. Zimovka cabbage belongs to varieties of universal purpose. But most often the vegetable goes for fermentation, salting or winter storage.
- Diseases. The immunity of the variety is good. Cabbage is resistant to gray mold and spot necrosis.
White cabbage Zimovka has a lot of positive characteristics, but gardeners do not write about the minuses in the reviews. Apparently they don’t find them.
Seedling
To obtain planting material, it is necessary to grow high-quality seedlings.
Terms of sowing
Sowing cabbage seeds for seedlings is an important point. Many gardeners are guided by the lunar calendar. According to the rules, seeds are sown during the growing moon. In 2018, according to the calendar, March 7, 8, 18, 20-21 will be favorable for sowing cabbage.
Capacities
As containers for seedlings, you can use wooden and plastic boxes, containers, peat pots, tablets. The choice of containers depends on whether you dive seedlings or not.
If the boxes or containers are new, they are simply washed with warm soapy water. When containers are used for several years in a row, they will have to be carefully treated with boiling water with potassium permanganate, boric acid or ordinary baking soda.
Many gardeners use cups twisted from a newspaper to get seedlings without a pick, as in the photo below. The convenience of such containers is that the root system is not injured in the same way as in cassettes. But most importantly, such containers are available for free.
Soil Preparation
With self-preparation of soil for cabbage seedlings, garden soil, compost or humus, sand, and also a little wood ash are taken in equal parts. In this case, the plants will have enough food. You can use a store-bought soil mix, in which the nutrients are balanced.
Regardless of which soil is chosen, it must be prepared for sowing seeds. Every gardener has their own methods. Consider the most common:
- Calcining the soil in an oven or kiln. The earth is poured in a thin layer on a sheet and heated at a temperature of at least 200 degrees for 15-20 minutes.
- Disinfection with boiling water. Potassium permanganate crystals are added to boiling water, mixed. The solution should have a rich pink color. They cultivate the entire soil, leaving no dry place.
seed
Before sowing, the seeds of white cabbage Zimovka 1474 (photo and characteristics are given in the article) are selected, disinfected in a solution of salt or potassium permanganate. Then washed in clean water.
To accelerate germination and prevent the black leg, heat treatment can be carried out. Seeds in gauze are placed in hot water at a temperature of no more than 50 degrees for 15 minutes, then cooled in cold water. Lay out the seed on paper and dry.
Seeding on seedlings
The containers are shed with water, making indentations no more than 1 cm. Seeds are laid in them. If sowing is done in a common nursery, then at a distance of 3-4 cm. When growing seedlings without picking, 2-3 seeds are planted in each cup, cassette or peat tablet. Top covered with glass to create a greenhouse effect. Glass is removed 5-6 days after germination.
Further care of seedlings is simple:
- maintaining the required temperature from 14 to 18 degrees;
- watering and surface loosening of seedlings;
- root dressing of seedlings with a light solution of potassium permanganate or wood ash extract.
Zimovka variety cabbage picking is carried out when 4-5 true leaves appear on the plants. The soil used is the same as for sowing seeds.
If there is not enough light when growing seedlings, artificial lighting is installed. After all, the Zimovka variety requires a daylight hours of at least 12 hours. In this case, she grows strong, stocky.
Growing in soil
For wintering cabbage, a site with loamy soil will be successful. It is advisable to prepare in the fall. Compost, humus is introduced into the ground. When digging, the larvae are on the surface and die in winter.
In the spring, the ridges are re-dug up, holes are made two weeks before planting the seedlings. An excellent yield of the variety will be on the ridges where potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, peas or beans were grown the previous summer.
At the end of May or beginning of June, depending on the climatic features of the region, the seedlings are moved to a permanent place. Holes are dug according to the scheme 60×60. It is better to plant cabbage in two lines with a row spacing of at least 70 cm for ease of care. Seedlings are well watered after planting.
After the cabbage takes root, it needs to be watered regularly, loosen the soil, remove weeds and feed. At first, 2 liters are enough, then as the amount of water grows, the amount of water is increased to 10. It should be remembered that abundant watering leads to the death of the roots and fungal diseases.
For dressings (no more than 5 times per season), varieties are suitable for infusions of mullein, chicken manure or fermented green grass. Root top dressing is combined with watering on pre-moistened soil. So the nutrients are better absorbed.
In addition to the fact that plants receive the necessary trace elements, ash helps fight aphids, slugs and snails.
Disease Prevention
Despite good immunity, cabbage of this variety can suffer from some diseases:
- black leg;
- keels (photo below);
- mucous bacteriosis;
- downy mildew.
Among insects often annoy:
- cruciferous flea;
- cabbage fly;
- snails and slugs;
- white butterfly with its offspring;
- aphid.
The problem can be solved by planting odorous herbs or flowers next to the cabbage. Ether secreted by plants repels pests. In the fight against cabbage diseases, chemicals are used.
Cleaning and storage
Variety Zimovka, as indicated in the description, is intended for long-term winter storage and fermentation. A white vegetable is harvested in mid-October in dry weather. Cabbage, which is supposed to be left for the winter, does not remove the outer stalk. For her, the vegetable is hung in storage.
White cabbage of this variety is stored well in boxes or on shelves. Forks are sprinkled with ordinary chalk. The main thing is to create the necessary conditions – the temperature should be 0-2 degrees.
