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Breast augmentation surgery occupies a leading position in terms of popularity in plastic surgery statistics around the world. Thanks to its many varieties, each patient will be able to choose the best option for herself, focusing on medical indications and contraindications.
Not everyone knows what such an intervention is called. In medical terminology, any manipulation associated with a change in the natural appearance of the breast is called mammoplasty. Moreover, each specific subdivision has its own term.
In addition to the fact that the presented plastic surgery helps to increase the size of the bust to the desired one, it is also adapted to create the perfect symmetry of the mammary glands. Changing their shape is of particular interest to women with congenital pathology, as well as those who underwent long-term hormonal treatment in adolescence, which negatively affected the aesthetics of the breast.
Without surgery, it is almost impossible to correct such a pathology, which encourages the fairer sex to lie down under a scalpel. Accurate information about how much such a transformation for the better costs can only be voiced by the attending physician.
In order to calculate the final cost, he will take into account many factors, ranging from the type of surgical technique to the type of implants chosen. Also, the price will vary depending on the accounting for funds for the recovery phase.
Overview
The standard algorithm for setting the date of the operation begins with the initial examination of the young lady. To all those who still doubt whether to take such a serious step, surgeons strongly recommend that you first visit a psychologist. An experienced doctor will definitely understand the root causes of such a desire, which is especially important in the absence of pronounced medical indications. It’s just about the lady’s desire to correct the natural size for a more, in her opinion, attractive.
But here it is worth remembering that there is always a risk to add to the list of those who did not manage to get what they wanted the first time. Failed interventions are rare, but they do happen. Moreover, some patients include in this category not only situations with displacement of breast inserts or with noticeable scars. Too large implants that do not fit with the general type of figure will resonate sharply with the appearance of a woman. It is also difficult to call it a successful outcome.
Some girls initially ignore the doctor’s advice to choose a smaller size of anatomical inserts, focusing on the individual characteristics of the body. And after the rehabilitation is successfully completed, they understand that they got excited with the choice. In isolated cases, patients after a while are sent back to the surgical table to change the implants to less impressive ones.
The first such manipulation was performed back in 1962, when the medical staff used the classic silicone versions. Over time, the medical field of science has advanced widely, offering many safer and at the same time natural-looking analogues.
The first lucky ones were forced to pay fabulous money for the correction of natural “shortcomings”. Today, the procedure has become much more accessible. There are even clinics where you can get what you want for free. We are talking about charitable programs with different conditions. Some medical centers do this for their own advertising, others allow not to pay only if they agree to film the entire procedure on video. There are also organizations where it is enough to apply online, telling your sad story and the reasons for the need for change. A special commission will then choose the most suitable story, awarding the young lady with the desired prize.
Indications and contraindications
If we discard the situation when the applicant names her own dissatisfaction and psychological complexes as the main reason for changing the bust, there are still many indications for mammoplasty.
Among the main problems are the following congenital or acquired conditions:
- underdevelopment of one, for two mammary glands at once;
- pathology of development;
- violations of the normal growth of the gland due to genetics, serious diseases of various etiologies, failures during puberty;
- omission of tissues, which is caused by age-related changes, or overcoming the lactation period.
Even those who have a completely healthy bust for all indications, but suffer from some kind of aesthetic problem, such as uneven size of the mammary gland in relation to the second, strive to have the operation performed.
To implement the plan, the fair sex must first undergo a detailed preliminary examination. It provides for the delivery of a standard set of tests, such as a blood test with urine, as well as narrow-profile testing, such as an ultrasound examination of a problem area. Together, this is aimed at eliminating the possibility of hidden contraindications. These include:
- oncological neoplasm of a benign or malignant nature with metastases of any localization;
- fibrous cyst;
- too much drooping of the chest;
- diabetes;
- obesity;
- nicotine addiction;
- individual intolerance to the components used.
It is not only about the material that is invested in a real fat substitute. A possible factor in the presence of an allergic reaction is also taken into account. To exclude the possibility of developing anaphylactic shock, doctors strongly recommend initially conducting an allergic test for drugs that are part of anesthesia.
Separately, situations are considered when the number of possible negative consequences is much higher than the expected benefits. In such a scenario, a professional in his field may refuse the patient her request. This is confirmed by the reviews of women who applied to various clinics with a good reputation, and there they were refused because of the high risk of complications.
Classification of plastics
Looking at the before and after photos, the average person often wonders why there is such a big difference in the results, even if the increase was to the same size. The secret lies not only in the chosen format of the filler, but also in the form of technology.
They are divided into three options:
- axillary;
- periareolar;
- submammary.
The first point is often referred to simply as the axillary because of the location of the incision. It is favored by many experts as a safe solution due to its ability to keep the breast itself intact.
This approach is designed to protect against scars and scars with localization on the bust itself, since the incision is made in the armpit. The only significant drawback lies in the fact that there is a possibility of hurting nerves or vital vessels. This happens, for the most part, due to the inexperience or carelessness of the surgeon. Therefore, the pros insist that it is better to spend days looking for the perfect clinic than to extend the rehabilitation period by months.
The periareolar measure is the need to cut the skin along the bottom line of the areola. Implants are placed directly into the muscle, or under the gland. The most important advantage of the method is the almost complete absence of scars.
The submammary technique is distinguished by the need for an incision directly under the breast. Here the scar will be invisible only if a fold has formed under the mammary gland. The technique is suitable for older ladies, or for those who initially had a bust that was not particularly small. For young girls with minimal chest dimensions, it will be more efficient to look for a worthy alternative.
Techniques for conducting
Schematically, all stages of mammoplasty, regardless of its class, can be divided into three stages, not counting the preliminary consultation. On it, the surgeon will definitely talk about the features of the intervention, the planned results, possible complications or consequences.
The three main stages of implementation cover:
- preparation;
- sterilization;
- incision of the skin with the introduction of the implant.
Analyzes before manipulation necessarily include a visit to the mammologist. The results of his examination will allow the surgeon to determine the shape of the skin incision.
Many are interested in how long the intervention lasts. It all depends on various factors, but usually the medical staff manages to fit in 2-3 hours. First, the patient is given anesthesia, treating the instruments and the skin with an antiseptic. And then the fabric is already cut in the previously planned places. So it turns out to achieve a pocket that is designed to place the insert there.
Having determined the location of the vessels, the doctor stops the resulting bleeding, after which he installs the implants. At the end, the skin is sutured with special threads, which are designed to dissolve on their own.
Then it remains only to apply a bandage and a bandage to the operated area. They are aimed at reducing swelling, as well as maintaining an updated bust, because the body has not yet had time to get used to the changes.
Types of implants
Having figured out how mammoplasty works, as well as making sure that it is safe when using the services of an experienced medical team, the girl begins to choose an implant.
There are several classifications for such breast “helpers”. First, they are divided by form into:
- round;
- anatomical.
The first ones were in demand about twenty years ago, and today the records of popularity are beaten by drop-shaped versions, which are called anatomical analogues. There is also a separate sorting according to the material:
- silicone gel;
- saline;
- biocompatible gel.
Silicone gel, despite its name, is not a fluid material. He is able to “remember” the desired shape. Many people like it because even when the outer shell is torn, it continues to keep its shape without the risk that the contents of the “medical bag” will spread throughout the body. Such variations are safe for the mammary glands, which is confirmed by numerous scientific studies. It is not for nothing that manufacturers issue a lifetime warranty on their product against shell rupture issues.
Saline solutions, which include the presence of saline inside, are popular with women for the ability to reduce the incision during surgery. Saline filler is introduced inside after implantation, which avoids the unpleasant complications inherent in silicone alternatives.
But here it is worth preparing for the fact that after a while mammoplasty will have to be repeated. This is explained by the fact that inserts with saline solution thin the skin much more, stretching it. And against the background of the diffusion of the composition through the implant shell, which guarantees a gradual loss of shape, patients often prefer an innovative gel.
The latest word in plastic surgery technology for this medium is called a filler in the form of carboxymethylcellulose. This biogel is positioned as a natural polymer. If the rupture of the shell does occur, then the contents of the “pouch” will simply be processed by the body, decomposing into completely safe for internal organs:
- water;
- glucose;
- carbon dioxide.
The final type of classification is sorting according to the surface. It covers the division into:
- smooth;
- textured.
The tested proposal almost always affects only the anatomical forms of the future insert. The reason for this is the improvement in the quality of adaptation in the tissue cavity, which reduces the risk of axis twisting when exposed to external negative factors.
After a while, a fibrous capsule forms around the implant, which is a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of a foreign body into the soft tissues.
Such progress only testifies to the positive dynamics of the rehabilitation course.
In clinical practice, there have been cases when the capsule becomes too tight, which provokes excessive pressure on the insert, guaranteeing the deformation of the contour. This deviation is called capsular contracture.
This usually happens if a woman chooses an implant with a smooth surface, since the textured shell significantly reduces the likelihood of developing such an unsightly side effect.
Even easier if the shell is made of polyurethane composition. It is this technique that reduces the risks of the formation of a rough capsule to almost zero.
Implant location
In addition to various incision options, the operation has several versions of the location of the implant in relation to the pectoral muscle. There are four main provisions:
- subglandular;
- subfascial;
- submuscular;
- two-plane.
The way the subglandular installation is done is considered the simplest option, which involves filling the space between the breast tissue and the pectoral muscle.
But with a subfascial location, the implant is already placed under the gland, while maintaining localization in the space between the operated fascia and the muscle. The submuscular view relies on covering the insert with full muscle fibers.
A two-plane proposal is often also referred to as a double pocket because of the similarity. The insert is located in the space between the muscle and the chest. So it turns out to cover the upper pole with muscle fibers, and the lower pole is in contact with the tissues of the gland.
Proper Recovery
The longest stage of transformation is rehabilitation. It is she who usually worries the ladies the most, as many who have gone through the procedure say that they experience severe pain after the procedure.
In fact, a pronounced pain syndrome is a completely understandable reaction of the body to a foreign body and the incisions made. To stop its manifestations, you need to take analgesics, which the doctor prescribed. It is strictly forbidden to change their dosage, schedule of administration, replace one medication with another.
It is especially difficult in the first week, when the sensation of a foreign object does not leave, which causes sensations of a tumor. After a while, the feeling should completely go away.
In order not to disrupt the natural recovery process, the renewed representative of the weak of this world must definitely remember three important rules: limit physical activity, ban showers in the first week and the mandatory wearing of special compression underwear.
On the last point, you don’t have to save money by trying to replace a medical bra with something else.
The average rehabilitation period is about three months with a favorable outcome. After the specified time, with positive dynamics, it is allowed to visit the gym, as well as return to the usual way of life. Depending on the type of intervention, breastfeeding is allowed.
You should also pay attention to the sensitivity of the nipples. If they have become less susceptible to external factors, then this is not a significant deviation from the norm.
Usually after a year, the sensitivity gradually returns.