Common for humans and animals — includes the adaptation of an organism (biological being) to stable and changing environmental conditions:
- temperature
- atmospheric pressure
- humidity
- illumination
- other physical conditions.
As well as changes in the body:
- disease
- loss of any organ
- limitation of the functions of any organ.
The manifestations of biological adaptation include a number of psychophysiological processes, such as light adaptation. A person, adapting to such conditions, uses a variety of auxiliary means that are products of his activity (housing, clothing, vehicles, optical and acoustic equipment, etc.).
At the same time, a person has the ability for arbitrary mental regulation of certain biological processes and conditions, which expands his adaptive capabilities.
The study of physiological regulatory mechanisms of adaptation is of great importance for solving applied problems of psychophysiology, medical psychology, ergonomics, etc. Of particular interest for these sciences are the adaptive reactions of the body to adverse effects of significant intensity (extreme conditions), which often occur in various types of professional activities, and sometimes in the daily life of people; the totality of such reactions is called an adaptation syndrome.