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Throat benign neoplasms are not very common in the throat and are benign neoplastic lesions. An example of a benign neoplasm is papillomas, which are shaped like small lumps in the throat. Another form is also juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroids, which usually appear in young boys or men.
Benign neoplasms of the throat
Benign tumors of the throat, or papillomas, are relatively rare. They are benign lesions, most often located in the front part of the mouth. They are very rarely malignant, but they are prone to relapse. Papillomas can also develop singly or multiple times in the nasal cavity. In addition, angiofibroma may be a type of benign cancer of the throat. Papilloma can be:
- roller-cell,
- exophytic,
- inverted.
Symptoms of a benign neoplasm of the throat
The neoplasms resemble nodules of various sizes. There is an unchanged mucosa on the surface of the papillomas. Generally, benign pharyngeal tumors are fibromas found in the nasal cavity, around the tongue and lips, on the soft palate, at the base of the mouth, in the smaller salivary glands, on the tonsils and on the tonsil arches.
Papillomas are a type of throat cancer that looks like a small lesion with a narrow stalk. Boys may develop a juvenile fibroma in the nasopharynx, which is predisposed to bleeding.
A benign neoplasm in the form of papilloma can sometimes cause:
- hearing problems,
- stuffy nose
- a tumor in the nose,
- twang,
- epistaxis,
- trouble swallowing
- slurred speech
- eye pain (very rare).
Diagnosis of papillomas
During the examination, the doctor may find a smooth tumor in the nasal cavity. Then he or she orders an MRI, CT of the head and a radiograph of the head to confirm or rule out the suspicion. On the other hand, the method in the form of papilloma biopsy is contraindicated, as severe bleeding may occur, as the tumor lacks a muscular sheath and consists mainly of blood vessels.
Benign Throat Neoplasm – Treatment
Maxillofacial surgeons and ENTs are responsible for the treatment of throat cancer. The method used in the case of papillomas is an operation, before which the patient should be given preparations to prevent excessive blood loss (usually 2-3 weeks before the operation). Also, preoperative angiography may be a chance to reduce blood loss during the procedure. If papillomas have spread throughout the body and reaching them is much more difficult – radiotherapy is used. Endoscopy has been used in the treatment of benign pharyngeal cancer in patients with small tumors.
Juvenile angiofibroma
Juvenile fibroma of the nasopharynx, like papilloma, is a benign neoplasm that does not metastasize. Cancer is made up of a large number of blood vessels and fibrous tissue and usually occurs in young boys up to the age of eighteen. The angiofibroma resembles a reddish-red polyp, a hard tumor with a lobed structure. It usually occurs in the nasopharynx, but there are situations where it penetrates into the eye sockets, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses or the anterior cranial fossa.
The causes of angiofibroma have not been fully defined. There is some suspicion that the tumor may develop from the periosteum or from cartilage embryos. According to some, hormonal disorders of the sex glands or the pituitary gland can also influence the development of a tumor.
symptoms
The symptoms of juvenile fibroma include:
- stuffy nose
- nasal discharge of pus / mucus,
- epistaxis,
- cheek deformity (occurs in very advanced neoplasm),
- olfactory disorder,
- recurrent sinusitis and inflammation of the ears,
- hearing problems.
Diagnosis and treatment of juvenile angiofibroma
Radiological examinations and clinical data are usually used to diagnose angiofibroma. The imaging tests used in diagnostics include magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Unfortunately, histopathological examination is dangerous as it may lead to profuse and difficult to stop bleeding.
In turn, treatment for this benign tumor can be performed through surgery or radiation. Surgical procedures are performed only in specialized head and neck surgery centers, as there is a high risk of bleeding. Radiotherapy, on the other hand, is recommended when the tumor infiltrates the inside of the skull or the eye socket, then its mass may be reduced.
Note: A vaccine against HPV6 / 11/16/18 has been available on the medical market for some time. Studies have shown its almost XNUMX% effectiveness, and this raises hope that it will be possible to prevent papillomas and cervical cancer.
The most common complication of this ailment is difficult to stop haemorrhage, which in turn leads to the patient’s death. Can cancer be prevented? This is currently impossible because the causes of angiofibroma are unknown.